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Applied Physics Letters / Volume 97 / Issue 3 / ORGANIC ELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS
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Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 033309 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3464973 (3 pages)

Improved photoinduced charge carriers separation in organic-inorganic hybrid photovoltaic devices

Yana Vaynzof1, Dinesh Kabra1, Lihong Zhao2, Peter K. H. Ho2, Andrew T.-S. Wee2, and Richard H. Friend1,2

1Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
2Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542

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(Received 7 May 2010; accepted 27 June 2010; published online 22 July 2010)

We demonstrate enhanced performance of a hybrid photovoltaic device, where poly[3-hexylthiophene] (P3HT) is used as active material and a solution-processed thin flat film of ZnO modified by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of phenyl-C61-butyric acid (PCBA) is used as electron extracting electrode. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy measurements reveal an increase in the substrate work function from 3.6 to 4.1 eV upon PCBA SAM deposition due to an interfacial dipole pointing away from the ZnO. External quantum efficiency (EQE) of the SAM modified devices reached 9%, greatly improved over the 3% EQE of the unmodified devices. This corresponds to full charge separation of all photoexcitations generated in the P3HT within an exciton diffusion range from the interface.

© 2010 American Institute of Physics

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

II-VI semiconductors, monolayers, organic semiconductors, photoelectron spectra, photovoltaic cells, self-assembly, semiconductor thin films, ultraviolet spectra, wide band gap semiconductors, work function, zinc compounds

PACS

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3464973

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0003-6951 (print)  
1077-3118 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

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Figures (3) Tables (1)

Figures (click on thumbnails to view enlargements)

FIG.1
(a) UPS spectra of ZnO (black) and P3HT/ZnO (grey) and (b) UPS spectra of PCBA/ZnO (black) and P3HT/PCBA/ZnO (grey) with corresponding energy level diagrams.

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FIG.2
Zn 2p XPS spectra of bare and PCBA modified ZnO substrates. Inset shows the change in C 1s peak energetic position upon SAM deposition.

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FIG.3
(a) EQE of inverted hybrid P3HT solar cells on bare ZnO and PCBA/ZnO. (b) I-V curves measured under a solar simulator. (c) Mechanism of dipole assisted charge separation at the P3HT/PCBA/ZnO interface: (i) excitation, (ii) exciton migration to the interface, (iii) rapid electron transfer to the PCBA monolayer, (iv) interfacial dipole assisted electron collection in the bulk of the ZnO, and (v) hole collection at the WO3/Ag electrode. (d) Structure of the inverted hybrid PV device and the chemical structure of the PCBA molecule.

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Tables

Table I. Voc, Jsc, FF, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of devices of P3HT/ZnO and P3HT/PCBA/ZnO under AM1.5 solar simulator conditions (100 mW/cm2).

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