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1 Feb 1967

Volume 10, Issue 3, pp. 67-110


ENHANCEMENT OF FERROMAGNETIC SHIELDING AGAINST LOW‐FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS

David Cohen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 67 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754854 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Experimental data are given to show that the impression of an alternating magnetic field of constant amplitude on a ferromagnetic shield, called shaking, enhances the shielding factor against alternating external magnetic fields. Contrary to expectation the shielding is enhanced against disturbing frequencies both below and above the shaking frequency. It is shown that this effect cannot be explained by a simple model using the harmonics of the shaking induction.

ROOM TEMPERATURE LASING OF CdS UNDER PULSED ELECTRON BOMBARDMENT

F. H. Nicoll

Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 69 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754855 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Single‐crystal platelets of CdS supported on a room temperature substrate have shown laser emission under pulsed 22‐kV electron bombardment at current densities around 4 A per cm2. This threshold is not much greater than at liquid nitrogen. The green laser beam is sheet‐like and has a wavelength of 5280 Å. An approximate figure for the pulsed power efficiency intò the total laser beam is 0.5% at levels not far above threshold.

INFRARED ABSORPTION IN HIGH‐PURITY BORON FILMS

William Zimmerman, Anne M. Murphy, and Charles Feldman

Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 71 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754856 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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The infrared spectra of high‐purity amorphous boron films showed no absorption peaks in the 2–15‐μ region. It is shown that the major peaks previously reported may be attributed to oxide, hydroxide, or carbon contamination.

SLOW‐ELECTRON BEAM ATTENUATION BY GOLD FILMS

H. Kanter

Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 73 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754857 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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An attenuation length of 34 Å for electrons with 6‐eV energy above the Fermi level was found by penetration of slow‐energy electron beams through gold films about 200‐Å thick. The collector current was determined for various primary energies as a function of film thickness, which was increased in situ by vapor deposition. The attenuation length, representative of electron‐electron collisions, decreased to 29 Å, for an increase of energy of 1 eV.

DAMPING OF SUSTAINED CURRENT OSCILLATIONS IN SEMICONDUCTING CADMIUM SULPHIDE AT HIGH FIELDS

I. W. Stanley

Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 76 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754858 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Sustained current oscillations in semiconducting cadmium sulphide which are strongly damped at high electric fields have been observed. It is suggested that they arise from cyclic changes in the spatial distribution of acoustic flux generated by acoustic‐electric interaction.

THREE‐BEAM HOLOGRAPHY

Manoranjan De and Léandre Sévigny

Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 78 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754859 (2 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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A new method of holographic interferometry is proposed, which makes use of three‐beam interference for the production of the hologram. A single exposure is then sufficient to produce the hologram from which the interferogram may be reconstructed in the usual manner. In one form, the reconstructed interferogram has double the sensitivity to phase variation as compared to conventional single‐pass and double‐exposure holographic interferometry. In another form, one may reconstruct the usual interferogram and also the original object wave simultaneously.

TIME‐RESOLVED MEASUREMENTS OF STIMULATED BRILLOUIN SCATTERING

M. Maier, W. Rother, and W. Kaiser

Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 80 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754860 (3 pages) | Cited 16 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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In CS2 a quasistationary state is observed with Brillouin power increasing linearly with laser power. High conversion efficiency up to 90% is found within a few millimeters of the liquid cell. In toluene intense Brillouin pulses occur with power values exceeding the instantaneous laser power.

PHOTO‐ AND THERMOLUMINESCENCE OF LiF: (Mg, Ti)

D. W. Zimmerman and D. E. Jones

Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 82 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754861 (3 pages) | Cited 28 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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This Letter shows the existence of a luminescent center for the thermoluminescent process in LiF containing Mg and Ti as impurities. Mg impurity has previously been related to trapping centers in thermoluminescent LiF. The Ti impurity is related to this luminescent center and an absorption band at 200 nm. Correlation is shown between this band and its photoluminescent spectral efficiency under ultraviolet excitation. Photo‐ and thermoluminescent emission spectra are shown at various temperatures for this center.

HERMITE‐GAUSSIAN MODE PATTERNS IN GaAs JUNCTION LASERS

J. C. Dyment

Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 84 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754862 (3 pages) | Cited 48 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Far‐field radiation patterns with Hermite‐Gaussian symmetry in the junction plane have been observed in both p+nn+ and p+n+ GaAs lasers specially constructed with a stripe geometry contact. The Hermite‐Gaussian symmetry implies the presence of a lens‐like medium between the cleavage plane mirrors. Compared with conventional junction lasers, improved mode control is obtained.

CO‐SPUTTERED Au‐SiO2 CERMET FILMS

N. Carl Miller and George A. Shirn

Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 86 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754863 (3 pages) | Cited 19 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Au‐SiO2 thin‐film cermets have been deposited by simultaneously dc sputtering Au and rf sputtering SiO2. The electrical resistivity varies exponentially with Au concentration, and the microstructure shows discontinuous networks of Au and SiO2.

OBSERVATION OF TRANSIENT FLUX MOTION IN Sn FILMS

W. C. Stewart and L. S. Cosentino

Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 88 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754864 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Cumulative flux transport across a tin film carrying direct current is observed in pulsed magnetic fields of alternating polarity by direct detection of the generated emf and by buildup of trapped flux in a coupled superconducting loop.

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY CHANGES IN THIN METALLIC FILMS DUE TO ION IRRADIATION

B. Navinsek and G. Carter

Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 91 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754865 (2 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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The change in electrical resistance of thin Ag, Au, Ti, and W films was studied following energetic A+ ion bombardment. There is an initial reduction in film resistance (for all materials) during bombardment, which is attributed to removal of surface contaminant gas. The resistance then increases to a quasiequilibrium value, which is believed to be due to introduction of radiation damage to the films, and finally the resistance increases rapidly as the films sputter and thin.

CONTINUOUS‐WAVE SUBMILLIMETER OSCILLATION IN DISCHARGES CONTAINING C, N, AND H OR D

Walter M. Müller and Gail T. Flesher

Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 93 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754866 (2 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Experimental observations are presented of the continuous oscillation of a submillimeter laser using gaseous compounds of C, N, and H or D, the relative independence of the output on the particular gases used, and the effect of the addition of water or He. With pure (CN)2 no laser action was obtained, but addition of H2O or D2O gave two different sets of laser lines. At present, in the region between 107.71 and 336.83 μ, ten laser lines have been obtained with dc excitation.

FREQUENCY STABILIZATION OF THE ZEEMAN LASER

J. Kannelaud, D. G. Peterson, and W. Culshaw

Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 94 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754867 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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The intensity crossover region with cavity tuning between oscillations on two orthogonally circularly polarized axial modes of a Zeeman laser has been used to stabilize these oscillation frequencies with respect to the center of the atomic transition. In contrast to previously proposed stabilization schemes this method allows operation over a wide range of frequencies off the center of the atomic transition, providing step and vernier tuning. The stabilization method has been successfully applied to the 0.633‐μ and 1.153‐μ He☒Ne and 2.65‐μ Xe lasers. A frequency stability of one part in 1010 was obtained with the 2.65‐μ Xe laser.

EVIDENCE OF HOLE INJECTION AND TRAPPING IN SILICON NITRIDE FILMS PREPARED BY REACTIVE SPUTTERING

S. M. Hu, D. R. Kerr, and L. V. Gregor

Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 97 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754868 (3 pages) | Cited 24 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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The hysteresis observed in capacitance‐voltage (C‐V) measurements on metal‐sputtered silicon nitride—silicon structures indicates that carriers are injected predominantly as holes rather than electrons. Shifts in the C‐V characteristic after bias‐temperature stress at 300°C support this finding. In dc conduction measurements on these samples a linear relation was found between the logarithm of current and the square root of field. The slope of this plot and the independence of current on bias polarity indicate a bulk‐limited conduction mechanism of emission of carriers from traps in the silicon nitride.

THE THERMAL LENS EFFECT AS A POWER‐LIMITING DEVICE

R. C. C. Leite, S. P. S. Porto, and T. C. Damen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 100 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754849 (2 pages) | Cited 32 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Due to residual absorption, a self‐induced negative lens is formed when molecular liquids are inserted in the path of a CW laser beam. This lens has a power‐dependent focal length which allows for its application as a power controller. Experimental results show that control under 3% is obtained for a CW argon laser.

RESISTANCE IN THE MIXED STATE OF TYPE‐II SUPERCONDUCTORS

J. S. Willis, J. F. Schenck, and R. W. Shaw

Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 101 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754850 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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A mechanism is proposed for pinning of fluxoids by spatial inhomogeneities in the Ginzburg‐Landau kappa parameter of a material. This is applied to resistive data from Tl☒Pb and Pb☒In alloys.

HIGH‐SPEED WAVELENGTH SELECTION IN THE LASER CAVITY

M. A. Habegger

Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 103 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754851 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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The performance and limitations of a nonmechanical wavelength selector are reported. This device, when placed in an argon laser cavity, can switch laser oscillation from one wavelength to another in a time of the order of 1 μsec.

PROPERTIES OF 1∕2 〈110〉, {111} GLIDE DISLOCATIONS IN ELASTICALLY ANISOTROPIC FCC METALS

T. R. Duncan and D. Kuhlmann‐Wilsdorf

Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 105 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754852 (4 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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The shear stresses and elastic energies associated with edge dislocations of 1∕2 〈110〉, {111} type in cubic anisotropy are discussed.

MEASUREMENT OF SOME MOLECULAR VIBRATIONAL‐ROTATIONAL PARAMETERS WITH AN INFRARED HETERODYNING TECHNIQUE

M. A. Kovacs, C. K. Rhodes, A. Szöke, and A. Javan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 10, 108 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1754853 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Frequency mixing of three simultaneously oscillating P‐branch laser transitions can be used to obtain accurate spectroscopic information on some of the molecular rotational‐vibrational parameters. This has been demonstrated for the 10‐μ laser transitions of CO2 and N2O. The present accuracy is limited by the Doppler widths of the infrared molecular transitions. Improved accuracy is possible to within a small fraction of the Doppler width. Furthermore, it is shown that at elevated pressures where pressure broadening is comparable to or exceeds the Doppler width, mode coupling occurs and the laser tends to oscillate on a single axial mode.
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