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5 Mar 2012

Volume 100, Issue 10, Articles (10xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 101903 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3673327 (3 pages)

Michael Ian Lapsley, Anaram Shahravan, Qingzhen Hao, Bala Krishna Juluri, Stephen Giardinelli, Mengqian Lu, Yanhui Zhao, I-Kao Chiang, Themis Matsoukas, and Tony Jun Huang
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Laser synthesis of germanium tin alloys on virtual germanium

S. Stefanov, J. C. Conde, A. Benedetti, C. Serra, J. Werner, M. Oehme, J. Schulze, D. Buca, B. Holländer, S. Mantl, and S. Chiussi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 104101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3692175 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 6 March 2012

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Synthesis of heteroepitaxial germanium tin (GeSn) alloys using excimer laser processing of a thin 4 nm Sn layer on Ge has been demonstrated and studied. Laser induced rapid heating, subsequent melting, and re-solidification processes at extremely high cooling rates have been experimentally achieved and also simulated numerically to optimize the processing parameters. “In situ” measured sample reflectivity with nanosecond time resolution was used as feedback for the simulations and directly correlated to alloy composition. Detailed characterization of the GeSn alloys after the optimization of the processing conditions indicated substitutional Sn concentration of up to 1% in the Ge matrix.
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81.05.Bx Metals, semimetals, and alloys
81.30.Fb Solidification
42.62.-b Laser applications

Standoff detection of ozone in an open environment using photoacoustic spectroscopy technique

Hual-Te Chien, Ke Wang, Shuh-Haw Sheen, and Apostolos C. Raptis

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 104102 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3692595 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 7 March 2012

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The current work reports a practical photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) technique that can be applied for the standoff detection of ozone in an open environment. The developed PAS detection system consists of a laser, a parabolic acoustic reflector, and an acoustic resonator that acts as a lock-in amplifier to extract only the signals resonating with the laser chopping frequency. The design of the acoustic resonator is described, and a detection capability of 700 ppb ozone at 2 m distance in the ambient air is demonstrated. The system would have broad applications for open-air detection of chemicals in various forms.
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07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
42.55.-f Lasers
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Flexible solid-state paper based carbon nanotube supercapacitor

Shan Hu, Rajesh Rajamani, and Xun Yu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 104103 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3691948 (4 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 7 March 2012

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This paper presents a flexible solid-state supercapacitor of high energy density. The electrodes of the supercapacitor are made of porous and absorbent cotton paper coated with single-wall carbon nanotubes. To ensure all solid-state configuration, a solid-state polymer-based electrolyte (poly (vinyl alcohol)/phosphoric acid) is used. The as-fabricated supercapacitor can be charged to over 3 V. It has high specific capacitance and high energy density of 115.8301 F/g carbon and 48.8587 Wh/kg carbon. Its performance is comparable to that of commercial supercapacitors, which need to utilize liquid electrolytes. Flexible solid-state supercapacitors offer several significant advantages for use in hybrid electric vehicles.
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85.35.Kt Nanotube devices
82.47.Uv Electrochemical capacitors; supercapacitors
84.32.Tt Capacitors
84.60.Ve Energy storage systems, including capacitor banks

Surface processing technique based on opto-hydrodynamic phenomena occurring in laser-induced breakdown of a microdroplet

Daehwan Ahn, Deoksuk Jang, Tae-Youl Choi, and Dongsik Kim

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 104104 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3692109 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 7 March 2012

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We report the development of a surface processing technique based on the optical breakdown of a microdroplet and subsequent ejection of a pulsed microjet. The microjet was sufficiently fast to remove nanoparticles from surfaces and erode most materials. The small volume of the droplet enabled precise and selective treatment of surfaces. When the jet was impinged onto a laser spot focused by the droplet, ablation rates substantially larger than those in conventional pulsed laser ablation were obtained with significantly reduced thermal effects. The jet could remove 20 nm particles and an oxide layer from solid surfaces by hydrodynamic impact only.
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52.38.Mf Laser ablation
52.75.-d Plasma devices

Triggering and guiding electric discharge by a train of ultraviolet picosecond pulses combined with a long ultraviolet pulse

A. A. Ionin, S. I. Kudryashov, A. O. Levchenko, L. V. Seleznev, A. V. Shutov, D. V. Sinitsyn, I. V. Smetanin, N. N. Ustinovsky, and V. D. Zvorykin

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 104105 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3691918 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 8 March 2012

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Non-self-sustained electric discharge and electric breakdown were triggered and guided by a train of picosecond ultraviolet (UV) pulses overlapped with a long free-running UV pulse of a hybrid Ti:Sapphire-KrF laser facility. Photocurrent sustained by this train is two orders of magnitude higher, and electric breakdown distance is twice longer than those for the discharge triggered by the long UV pulse only.
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52.80.-s Electric discharges
52.25.Fi Transport properties
52.25.Os Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation
52.38.Kd Laser-plasma acceleration of electrons and ions
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