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23 Apr 2012

Volume 100, Issue 17, Articles (17xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 171903 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4704193 (3 pages)

Y. Peng and K. Kempa
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Orientation-dependent surface potential behavior in Nb-doped BiFeO3

F. Yan, G. Z. Xing, M. Islam, S. Li, and L. Lu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 172901 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4705405 (5 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 23 April 2012

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Single-phase epitaxial Nb doped BiFeO3 (BFNO) films have been grown on diverse oriented-SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The orientation dependent surface potential distributions arising from combination of the screen and polarization charges on the BFNO surfaces were characterized by Kelvin probe force microscopy combining with corresponding domain structures investigation using piezoresponse force microscopy. The relationship between surface potential and potential barrier was quantitatively analyzed through tuning the substrate orientation. The present study indicates that data stability and storage density can be controlled via engineering the substrate orientations.
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68.35.bt Other materials
81.15.Fg Pulsed laser ablation deposition
68.55.at Other materials
77.55.Px Epitaxial and superlattice films
77.84.Bw Elements, oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, chalcogenides, etc.
77.55.Nv Multiferroic/magnetoelectric films

Evolution of nanodomains under DC electrical bias in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3: An In-situ transmission electron microscopy study

Yukio Sato, Tsukasa Hirayama, and Yuichi Ikuhara

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 172902 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4705418 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 23 April 2012

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Domain structure and its evolution under electrical biases play important roles in piezoelectrics. The effects could be more significant in morphotropic phase boundary piezoelectrics, such as Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT), since domains are miniaturized down to nanometer scale. Here, we report in-situ transmission electron microscopy observations for evolution of nanodomains under DC electrical biases in PMN-PT. We find that nanodomains switch with redistributions of invariant nanodomains population for the unpoled crystals, which is consistent with our previous results for the poled cases. This suggests that response of nanodomains for the unpoled and poled crystals can be understood in similar ways.
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77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
77.65.-j Piezoelectricity and electromechanical effects
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates

Surface flashover breakdown mechanisms on liquid immersed dielectrics

Jouya Jadidian, Markus Zahn, Nils Lavesson, Ola Widlund, and Karl Borg

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 172903 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4705473 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 24 April 2012

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Flashover formation and expansion mechanisms on the surfaces of different dielectrics immersed in transformer oil have been numerically analyzed. Streamers emanating from a needle electrode tend to transform to surface flashovers if the immersed dielectric permittivity is higher than the liquid permittivity and/or the dielectric interfacial surface cuts the path of the streamer. Perpendicular interface of the immersed dielectric impedes the breakdown by deflecting the streamer and slowing down the surface flashover. The parallel dielectric interface, however, assists the breakdown by regulating the surface flashover velocity to an approximately constant value (∼10 km/s).
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52.80.Wq Discharge in liquids and solids
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)
51.50.+v Electrical properties (ionization, breakdown, electron and ion mobility, etc.)
02.60.-x Numerical approximation and analysis

Large and stable piezoelectric response in Bi0.97Nd0.03FeO3 thin film

Bo Jiang, Xiaolong Li, Hongyan Zhang, Wen Sun, Jingjing Liu, and Guangda Hu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 172904 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4705427 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 25 April 2012

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Bi1−xNdxFeO3 (BNFO) (x = 0.01 ∼ 0.045) films were epitaxially prepared on LaNiO3 [100]/Si substrates via a metal organic decomposition method. Well-saturated and rectangular P-E hysteresis loop can be observed in BNFOx=0.03 film. Additionally, the domains in all BNFO films can be fully switched using a piezoelectric-mode atomic force microscope. More importantly, the BNFOx=0.03 film exhibits a large and stable piezoresponse (∼160 pm/V). These phenomena can be ascribed to the lowest leakage current and redistribution of VO•• in this film.
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68.55.A- Nucleation and growth
68.37.Ps Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
77.55.H- Piezoelectric and electrostrictive films
77.65.-j Piezoelectricity and electromechanical effects

High-pressure electrical transport properties of KNbO3: Experimental and theoretical approaches

Qinglin Wang, Yonghao Han, Cailong Liu, Yanzhang Ma, Wanbin Ren, and Chunxiao Gao

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 172905 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4706255 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 25 April 2012

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Pressure-induced electrical transport properties of KNbO3 including resistance, relaxation frequency, and relative permittivity have been investigated under pressure up to 30.6 GPa by in situ impedance spectroscopy measurement. The results indicate that the discontinuous changes of these physical parameters occur around the structural phase transition pressure. The decrease of activation energy with increasing pressure reveals that the vibration damping of Nb-O dipoles is weakened in the orthorhombic and the tetragonal phases. The density of states and difference charge density calculations show that the pressure-induced charge transfer between the Nb and O atoms causes the relative permittivity change of KNbO3.
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72.20.Fr Low-field transport and mobility; piezoresistance
61.50.Ks Crystallographic aspects of phase transformations; pressure effects
72.80.Sk Insulators
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)
77.22.Gm Dielectric loss and relaxation
77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates

Enhanced piezoelectricity and nature of electric-field induced structural phase transformation in textured lead-free piezoelectric Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3 ceramics

Deepam Maurya, Abhijit Pramanick, Ke An, and Shashank Priya

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 172906 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4709404 (5 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 26 April 2012

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This letter provides a comparative description of the properties of textured and randomly oriented poly-crystalline lead-free piezoelectric 0.93(Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3)-0.07BaTiO3 (NBT-BT) ceramics. A high longitudinal piezoelectric constant of (d33) ∼ 322 pC/N was obtained in (001)PC textured NBT-7BT ceramics, which is almost ∼2× times the d33 coefficient reported for randomly oriented ceramics of the same composition. In situ neutron diffraction experiments revealed that characteristically different structural responses are induced in textured and randomly oriented NBT-BT ceramics upon application of electric fields (E), which are likely related to the varying coherence lengths of polar nanoregions and internal stresses induced by domain switching.
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77.65.Bn Piezoelectric and electrostrictive constants
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
77.80.Fm Switching phenomena
81.30.Hd Constant-composition solid-solid phase transformations: polymorphic, massive, and order-disorder
64.70.K- Solid-solid transitions

Local structure around Fe ions on multiferroic Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 ceramics probed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy

A. Mesquita, B. M. Fraygola, V. R. Mastelaro, and J. A. Eiras

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 172907 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4709490 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 26 April 2012

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Local structure around Fe ions on Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 ceramics was probed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy in order to settle the controversies about its structure. It is observed that the shell structure around Fe atoms exhibits a monoclinic local symmetry at 130 and 230 K, tetragonal local symmetry at room temperature, and cubic local symmetry at 410 K. Independently of the coordination, temperature, or symmetry, Fe-O mean bond-length does not vary significantly.
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61.66.Fn Inorganic compounds
77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
78.70.Dm X-ray absorption spectra
81.05.Je Ceramics and refractories (including borides, carbides, hydrides, nitrides, oxides, and silicides)
75.85.+t Magnetoelectric effects, multiferroics
61.50.Lt Crystal binding; cohesive energy

Defect level distributions and atomic relaxations induced by charge trapping in amorphous silica

Nathan L. Anderson, Ravi Pramod Vedula, Peter A. Schultz, R. M. Van Ginhoven, and Alejandro Strachan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 172908 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4707340 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 26 April 2012

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We compute the distribution of electronic levels of native defects in amorphous silica from total energy differences of charge-state density functional theory calculations over an ensemble of atomic structures. The predicted distributions reproduce results from trap spectroscopy by charge injection experiments, validating the calculations. Furthermore, our study characterizes the experimentally inaccessible contributions of individual defect types to the overall distribution. Computed electron and hole trapping levels provide insight into the positive charge buildup in bulk silica observed in negative-bias-temperature-instability, an important degradation mechanism of metal-oxide-semiconductor devices.
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71.55.Ht Other nonmetals
71.15.Mb Density functional theory, local density approximation, gradient and other corrections
61.72.J- Point defects and defect clusters
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