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2 Jan 2012

Volume 100, Issue 1, Articles (01xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 013101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3673334 (3 pages)

Patrice Genevet, Nanfang Yu, Francesco Aieta, Jiao Lin, Mikhail A. Kats, Romain Blanchard, Marlan O. Scully, Zeno Gaburro, and Federico Capasso
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Super-resolution spatial frequency differentiation of nanoscale particles with a vibrating nanograting

Leonid Alekseyev, Evgenii Narimanov, and Jacob Khurgin

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 011101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3673470 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 3 January 2012

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We propose a scheme for detecting and differentiating deeply subwavelength particles based on their spatial features. Our approach combines scattering from an ultrasonically modulated nanopatterned grating with heterodyne techniques to enable far-field detection of high spatial frequency Fourier components. Our system is sensitive to spatial features commensurate in size to the patterning scale of the grating. We solve the scattering problem in Born approximation and illustrate the dependence of the signal amplitude at modulation frequency on grating period, which allows to differentiate between model nanoparticles of size λ/20.
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42.30.Sy Pattern recognition
42.79.Dj Gratings

Modulation of surface plasmon wave by photo-induced refractive index changes of CdSe quantum dots

Horng-Shyang Chen, Jyh-Yang Wang, Sheng-Shiuan Yeh, Chii-Dong Chen, and Hung-Yi Lin

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 011102 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3673560 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 3 January 2012

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We demonstrate an all-optical modulation of surface plasmon resonance by photo-irradiation induced dielectric constant change of CdSe quantum dots on the gold surface. The dipole-dipole interaction between the surface plasmon and the photo-induced excitons in the dots gives rise to a shift in the surface plasmon resonance peak. This shift is found to sensitively reflect a tiny change in the dielectric constant, which is useful for investigating the nonlinear effect in active plasmonic components.
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78.67.Hc Quantum dots
73.43.Lp Collective excitations
73.21.La Quantum dots
73.21.-b Electron states and collective excitations in multilayers, quantum wells, mesoscopic, and nanoscale systems
73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)
73.22.Lp Collective excitations

Single lateral mode mid-infrared laser diode using wavelength-scale modulation of the facet reflectivity

G. R. Nash, J. L. Stokes, J. R. Pugh, S. J. B. Przeslak, P. J. Heard, J. G. Rarity, and M. J. Cryan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 011103 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3673824 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 3 January 2012

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The characteristics of mid-infrared laser diodes have been investigated before and after the patterning of wavelength-scale metallic apertures on the emitting facet. Before modification of the facet, the emitted spectrum consisted of a large number of peaks associated with different spatial modes, whereas afterwards, the spectrum was dominated by a single peak. Simulations showed that the patterning of the facet caused the effective reflectivity to be different for each lateral mode, suggesting that the peak in the measured spectra is associated with the single lateral mode which is most strongly reflected from the modified facet.
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42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking

Implementation of a semi-transparent mid-infrared quantum well infrared photodetector simultaneously as a beamsplitter and a reference detector

Ekua N. Bentil, Germano M. Penello, William O. Charles, Peter Q. Liu, and Claire F. Gmachl

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 011104 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3673835 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 4 January 2012

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We demonstrate a dual purpose quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) useful in laser-based gas sensing systems. This photodetector functions simultaneously as a beamsplitter and a photodetector. By varying the incidence angle and light polarization, the QWIP has the ability to reflect, absorb, and transmit varying percentages of the incident mid-infrared light. At 45° incidence angle, ∼25% of a transverse magnetic polarized light is reflected, ∼16% is transmitted, and ∼59% is absorbed by the QWIP (at 80 K). The absorbed and transmitted signals are useful as reference signals for laser source monitoring and stabilizing. The reflected signal remains available as the primary beam.
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85.60.Gz Photodetectors (including infrared and CCD detectors)
42.79.Fm Reflectors, beam splitters, and deflectors
42.25.Ja Polarization
07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing

Practicality of compensating the loss in the plasmonic waveguides using semiconductor gain medium

Jacob B. Khurgin and Greg Sun

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 011105 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3673849 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 4 January 2012

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We consider the issue of compensating the loss in plasmonic waveguides with semiconductor gain material and show that, independent of specific geometry, full loss compensation in plasmonic waveguides with significantly sub-wavelength light confinement (less than λ/4n) requires current density well in excess of 100 kA/cm2. This high current density is attributed to the unavoidable shortening of recombination time caused by the Purcell effect inherent to sub-wavelength confinement. Consequently, an injection-pumped plasmonic laser that is truly sub-wavelength in all three dimensions (“spaser”) would have threshold current densities that are hard to obtain in any conceivable semiconductor device.
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42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
78.66.Bz Metals and metallic alloys
78.67.De Quantum wells

High data-rate atom interferometer for measuring acceleration

Hayden J. McGuinness, Akash V. Rakholia, and Grant W. Biedermann

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 011106 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3673845 (4 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 5 January 2012

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We demonstrate a high data-rate light-pulse atom interferometer for measuring acceleration. The device is optimized to operate at rates between 50 Hz to 330 Hz with sensitivities of 0.57μg/math to 36.7μg/math, respectively. Our method offers a dramatic increase in data rate and demonstrates a path to applications in highly dynamic environments. The performance of the device can largely be attributed to the high recapture efficiency of atoms from one interferometer measurement cycle to another.
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03.75.Dg Atom and neutron interferometry
03.75.Be Atom and neutron optics
06.30.Gv Velocity, acceleration, and rotation

Terahertz scattering by granular composite materials: An effective medium theory

Mayank Kaushik, Brian W.-H. Ng, Bernd M. Fischer, and Derek Abbott

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 011107 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3674289 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 5 January 2012

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Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and imaging have emerged as important tools for identification and classification of various substances, which exhibit absorption characteristics at distinct frequencies in the THz range. The spectral fingerprints can potentially be distorted or obscured by electromagnetic scattering caused by the granular nature of some substances. In this paper, we present THz time domain transmission measurements of granular polyethylene powders in order to investigate an effective medium theory that yields a parameterized model, which can be used to estimate the empirical measurements to good accuracy.
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78.70.Gq Microwave and radio-frequency interactions

Effects of stimulated emission on transport in terahertz quantum cascade lasers based on diagonal designs

I. Bhattacharya, C. W. I. Chan, and Q. Hu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 011108 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3675452 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 6 January 2012

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A hybrid Monte Carlo-density matrix transport simulator is used to analyze the transport properties of resonant-phonon type terahertz quantum cascade lasers. By comparing calculated and experimental results, the importance of stimulated emission to the interpretation of experimental data is highlighted, particularly for devices based on diagonal radiative transitions. Finally, we discuss the absence of mode competition effects on transport.
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42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
84.40.-x Radiowave and microwave (including millimeter wave) technology

Impact of luminescence quenching on relaxation-oscillation frequency in solid-state lasers

Laura Agazzi, Edward H. Bernhardi, Kerstin Wörhoff, and Markus Pollnau

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 011109 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3674312 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 6 January 2012

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Measurement of the laser relaxation-oscillation frequency as a function of pump rate allows one to determine parameters of the laser medium or cavity. We show that luminescence quenching of a fraction of the rare-earth ions in a solid-state laser affects the relaxation oscillations, resulting in incorrect values for the parameter deduced from this measurement. In the equations describing the relaxation oscillations, we replace the lifetime of the upper laser level by an effective lifetime that takes the luminescence quenching into account. In an Al2O3:Yb3+ distributed-feedback laser we observe significant quenching, with the effective lifetime being ∼18 times shorter than the intrinsic upper-laser-level lifetime.
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07.60.-j Optical instruments and equipment
42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings
06.30.Ft Time and frequency

Leaky-mode effects in plasmonic-coupled quantum dot infrared photodetectors

S. C. Lee, Y. D. Sharma, S. Krishna, and S. R. J. Brueck

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 011110 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3675335 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 6 January 2012

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The effects of a heavily doped GaAs top contact layer on a plasmonics-integrated InAs quantum dot infrared photodetector (QDIP) are investigated. A metal photonic crystal (MPC), a 100 nm-thick gold film perforated with a 2.5 μm-period, 2-dimensional square hole array, is employed as a plasmonic coupler. The MPC is fabricated on QDIPs with identical structures except for the thickness (0.1 and 1.3 μm) of the top contact layer (doping concentration ∼2 × 1018 cm−3). For the lowest order surface plasma wave (SPW) resonance, the resonance wavelength undergoes a blue shift of 0.27 μm from 8.26 μm, and the responsivity and detectivity drop by ∼50% for the thicker contact layer. These effects are explained by leaky mode characteristics resulting from the free-carrier-reduced dielectric constant in the contact region that impacts the SPW resonance.
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85.60.Gz Photodetectors (including infrared and CCD detectors)
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