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28 May 2012

Volume 100, Issue 22, Articles (22xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 222402 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3700809 (4 pages)

Felix Balhorn, Simon Jeni, Wolfgang Hansen, Detlef Heitmann, and Stefan Mendach
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Femtosecond laser-induced modification of potassium-magnesium silicate glasses: An analysis of structural changes by near edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy

T. Seuthe, M. Höfner, F. Reinhardt, W. J. Tsai, J. Bonse, M. Eberstein, H. J. Eichler, and M. Grehn

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 224101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4723718 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2012

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The effects of femtosecond laser pulse irradiation on the glass structure of alkaline silicate glasses were investigated by x-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy using the beamline of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt at the electron synchrotron BESSY II in Berlin (Germany) by analyzing the magnesium K-edge absorption peak for different laser fluences. The application of fluences above the material modification threshold (2.1 J/cm2) leads to a characteristic shift of ∼1.0 eV in the K-edge revealing a reduced (∼3%) mean magnesium bond length to the ligated oxygen ions (Mg-O) along with a reduced average coordination number of the Mg ions.
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61.43.Fs Glasses
61.80.Ba Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation effects (including laser radiation)
78.70.Dm X-ray absorption spectra

A coherent two-channel source of Cherenkov superradiance pulses

V. V. Rostov, A. A. Elchaninov, I. V. Romanchenko, and M. I. Yalandin

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 224102 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4723845 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2012

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A two-channel source of Cherenkov superradiance pulses with the electron-wave systems of identical geometry which is capable of producing 2 × 0.3 GW pulses of duration 2 ns and center frequency 10 GHz has been developed and explored. The channels are powered by a high-voltage driver whose pulse is split into two pulses that are sent through parallel transmission lines. To shorten the voltage rise time in each channel, identical NiZn ferrite-loaded coaxial transmission lines with independently controlled axial bias fields are used.
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84.40.Az Waveguides, transmission lines, striplines
84.30.Sk Pulse and digital circuits

Optical actuation of microelectromechanical systems using photoelectrowetting

Matthieu Gaudet and Steve Arscott

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 224103 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4723569 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 31 May 2012

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We demonstrate a proof-of-concept that microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) can be optically actuated using photoelectrowetting. A 30 µm thick aluminium cantilever is actuated using an ordinary white light source via the modulation of capillary forces in a liquid bridge on a Teflon® coated commercial silicon wafer. A deflection of 58 µm is observed using a light power of 100 mW at a bias of 7 V. The deflection of the cantilever relies on the photoelectrowetting effect [S. Arscott, Sci. Rep. 1, 184 (2011)]. Such wireless actuation could be useful for optical addressing and control of autonomous wireless sensors, MEMS, and microsystems.
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07.10.Cm Micromechanical devices and systems
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
68.08.Bc Wetting

Self-organization and self-limitation in high power impulse magnetron sputtering

André Anders

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 224104 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4724205 (5 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 31 May 2012

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The plasma over the racetrack in high power impulse magnetron sputtering develops in traveling ionization zones. Power densities can locally reach 109 W/m2, which is much higher than usually reported. Ionization zones move because ions are “evacuated” by the electric field, exposing neutrals to magnetically confined, drifting electrons. Drifting secondary electrons amplify ionization of the same ionization zone where the primary ions came from, while sputtered and outgassing atoms are supplied to the following zone(s). Strong density gradients parallel to the target disrupt electron confinement: a negative feedback mechanism that stabilizes ionization runaway.
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52.40.Hf Plasma-material interactions; boundary layer effects
52.20.Fs Electron collisions
52.20.Hv Atomic, molecular, ion, and heavy-particle collisions
52.25.Fi Transport properties
52.77.Dq Plasma-based ion implantation and deposition
81.15.Cd Deposition by sputtering
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