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11 Jun 2012

Volume 100, Issue 24, Articles (24xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 241101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4724309 (3 pages)

Miriam S. Vitiello, Leonardo Viti, Lorenzo Romeo, Daniele Ercolani, G. Scalari, J. Faist, F. Beltram, L. Sorba, and A. Tredicucci
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Coupling enhancement between monopole-type resonators using metamaterial cavity

Chong-Yi Liou, Chi-Jung Kuo, Ming-Lung Lee, and Shau-Gang Mao

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 244101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4728989 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 11 June 2012

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This work presents the strong coupling of monopole-type resonators using a metamaterial cavity with artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surfaces and metal planes. The AMC surface is constructed by an array of metal patches on a double-layered dielectric substrate backed by a metallic plane, and its reflection phase with respect to the angle and the polarization of obliquely incident plane waves are characterized by the transmission-line model. The measured transmission power is −2 dB when the resonator spacing is 0.4λ. This demonstrates that the power transfer is enhanced significantly by metamaterial cavity compared to the metal cavity and free space.
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84.40.Az Waveguides, transmission lines, striplines

1/f noise suppression of giant magnetoresistive sensors with vertical motion flux modulation

Jiafei Hu, Mengchun Pan, Wugang Tian, Dixiang Chen, Jianqiang Zhao, and Feilu Luo

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 244102 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4729427 (4 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 11 June 2012

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The 1/f resistance noise is one of the main noise sources of giant magnetoresistive sensors, which will cause intrinsic detection limit at low frequency. To suppress this noise, a vertical motion flux modulation (VMFM) scheme with high efficiency and simple structures is proposed. And the electrical coupling effect is investigated with an equivalent circuit model. We found that the electrical coupling disturbance can be suppressed by improving the symmetry of VMFM sensors. The modulation efficiency of VMFM sensors has reached 18.8%, which is higher than most prototype sensors with other flux modulation schemes.
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07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
72.70.+m Noise processes and phenomena
85.70.Kh Magnetic thin film devices: magnetic heads (magnetoresistive, inductive, etc.); domain-motion devices, etc.

Memory characteristics of laser-crystallized polycrystalline-silicon silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon thin-film transistor with location-controlled grain boundary perpendicular to the channel

I-Che Lee, Chun-Chien Tsai, Hsu-Hang Kuo, Po-Yu Yang, Chao-Lung Wang, and Huang-Chung Cheng

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 244103 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4724314 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 11 June 2012

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An excimer-laser-crystallized polycrystalline-silicon silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon thin-film transistor with recessed-channel structure has been designed to achieve only one grain boundary with a protrusion perpendicular to the channel for investigating the grain boundary location effects on the memory characteristics. After programming, the devices demonstrated better memory characteristics as the grain boundary was allocated near the source junction. In contrast, the memory characteristics were degraded when the grain boundary was located near the drain junction. The phenomenon was explained by the 2-D device simulation and the energy band diagrams.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices

Efficient generation and guiding of megaampere relativistic electron current by silicon nanowires

Prashant Kumar Singh, Gourab Chatterjee, Amit D. Lad, Amitava Adak, Saima Ahmed, M. Khorasaninejad, M. M. Adachi, K. S. Karim, S. S. Saini, A. K. Sood, and G. Ravindra Kumar

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 244104 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4729010 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 12 June 2012

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We demonstrate 30 times enhanced flux of relativistic electrons by a silicon nanowire coated target excited by 30 fs, 800 nm laser pulses at an intensity of 3 × 1018 W cm−2. A measurement of the megaampere electron current via induced megagauss magnetic field supports the enhancement feature observed in the electron energy spectrum. The relativistic electrons generated at the front of nanowire coated surface are shown to travel efficiently over 500 μm in the insulating substrate. The enhanced hot electron temperature is explained using a simple model and is supported by recent simulations.
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61.46.Km Structure of nanowires and nanorods (long, free or loosely attached, quantum wires and quantum rods, but not gate-isolated embedded quantum wires)
81.65.-b Surface treatments

Monodisperse water microdroplets generated by electrohydrodynamic atomization in the simple-jet mode

L. L. F. Agostinho, C. U. Yurteri, E. C. Fuchs, and J. C. M. Marijnissen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 244105 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4729021 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 12 June 2012

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Experiments were conducted in order to investigate the influences of flow rate, applied voltage, and electric conductivity on droplet size and size distribution of water electrosprays in the simple-jet mode. The results show that the electric potential decreases significantly the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the spray size distribution, with the best result obtained for Weber number, We = 3.3 (240 ml/h) when the RSD decreases from 0.50 at 0 kV to 0.18 at 5 kV. We conclude that simple-jet mode electrosprays are a good option for applications which require monodisperse micrometer droplets with high throughput.
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47.55.db Drop and bubble formation
47.65.-d Magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics
82.70.-y Disperse systems; complex fluids

Enhanced keV peak power and yield using twisted pair “cables” in a z-pinch

C. L. Hoyt, P. F. Knapp, S. A. Pikuz, T. A. Shelkovenko, A. D. Cahill, P.-A. Gourdain, J. B. Greenly, B. R. Kusse, and D. A. Hammer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 244106 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4729409 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 13 June 2012

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Individual wires in a z-pinch were replaced with twisted pair “cables” of similar linear mass on the COBRA pulsed power generator, resulting in peak power and yield increases in radiation above 1 keV. A cable is defined here as two or more fine wires twisted together to form a continuous strand with a wavelength (λt) dependent on the twists per unit length. The magnitude of λt appears to play a strong role in these increases, with the largest gains found for a λt of ≈ 0.75 mm.
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52.58.Lq Z-pinches, plasma focus, and other pinch devices
52.75.-d Plasma devices
84.30.Ng Oscillators, pulse generators, and function generators
84.70.+p High-current and high-voltage technology: power systems; power transmission lines and cables

Sheath width effect on the determination of plasma frequency in the cutoff probe

D. W. Kim, S. J. You, J. H. Kim, H. Y. Chang, and W. Y. Oh

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 244107 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4729442 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 14 June 2012

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To analyze the sheath width effect on the determination of the plasma frequency in the cutoff probe, two simulations (a simplified circuit simulation and an E/M simulation) were conducted. Both two simulations showed a consistent result: the cutoff frequency ωc, which is selected as a frequency of minimum peak in a transmission microwave frequency (TMF) spectrum, deviates from the plasma frequency ωp while increasing the sheath width on the two probe tips. The physics behind the movement of cutoff frequency in the TMF spectrum deviating from the plasma frequency was analyzed and discussed in this paper. This study can provide not only the basis for the precise measurement of the cutoff probe but also the discernible boundary conditions for the cutoff probe application.
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52.40.Kh Plasma sheaths
52.65.-y Plasma simulation
52.70.Ds Electric and magnetic measurements
52.25.Os Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation

Generation, annihilation, dynamics and self-organized patterns of filaments in dielectric barrier discharge plasmas

J. P. Boeuf, B. Bernecker, Th. Callegari, S. Blanco, and R. Fournier

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 244108 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4729767 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 15 June 2012

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Dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) operating in a glow regime exhibit a variety of complex self-organized static or dynamical structures of filaments. Using a fluid model combined with fast camera diagnostics, we propose a clear physical description and explanation of the mechanisms responsible for the generation, annihilation, motion and self-organization of discharge filaments in DBDs in a glow regime. We show that low current “side discharges” generated during the same half-cycle in the vicinity of an isolated filament beyond the inhibition zone associated with charge spreading along the dielectric surface play an essential role in the triggering of these mechanisms.
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52.80.Hc Glow; corona
52.25.Fi Transport properties
52.50.Dg Plasma sources
52.70.Kz Optical (ultraviolet, visible, infrared) measurements
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