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11 Jun 2012

Volume 100, Issue 24, Articles (24xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 241101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4724309 (3 pages)

Miriam S. Vitiello, Leonardo Viti, Lorenzo Romeo, Daniele Ercolani, G. Scalari, J. Faist, F. Beltram, L. Sorba, and A. Tredicucci
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Optical manipulation of shape-morphing elastomeric liquid crystal microparticles doped with gold nanocrystals

Yaoran Sun, Julian S. Evans, Taewoo Lee, Bohdan Senyuk, Patrick Keller, Sailing He, and Ivan I. Smalyukh

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 241901 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4729143 (5 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 12 June 2012

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We demonstrate facile optical manipulation of shape of birefringent colloidal microparticles made from liquid crystal elastomers. Using soft lithography and polymerization, we fabricate elastomeric microcylinders with weakly undulating director oriented on average along their long axes. These particles are infiltrated with gold nanospheres acting as heat transducers that allow for an efficient localized transfer of heat from a focused infrared laser beam to a submicrometer region within a microparticle. Photothermal control of ordering in the liquid crystal elastomer using scanned beams allows for a robust control of colloidal particles, enabling both reversible and irreversible changes of shape. Possible applications include optomechanics, microfluidics, and reconfigurable colloidal composites with shape-dependent self-assembly.
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42.70.Jk Polymers and organics
61.30.Vx Polymer liquid crystals
77.84.Nh Liquids, emulsions, and suspensions; liquid crystals
82.35.Ej Nonlinear optics with polymers
78.15.+e Optical properties of fluid materials, supercritical fluids and liquid crystals
42.70.Df Liquid crystals

A polymer electrolyte with high luminous transmittance and low solar throughput: Polyethyleneimine-lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide with In2O3:Sn nanocrystals

İ. Bayrak Pehlivan, E. L. Runnerstrom, S.-Y. Li, G. A. Niklasson, D. J. Milliron, and C. G. Granqvist

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 241902 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4728994 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 14 June 2012

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Chemically prepared ∼13-nm-diameter nanocrystals of In2O3:Sn were included in a polyethyleneimine-lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide electrolyte and yielded high haze-free luminous transmittance and strong near-infrared absorption without deteriorated ionic conductivity. The optical properties could be reconciled with effective medium theory, representing the In2O3:Sn as a free electron plasma with tin ions screened according to the random phase approximation corrected for electron exchange. This type of polymer electrolyte is of large interest for opto-ionic devices such as laminated electrochromic smart windows.
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81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing
82.45.Gj Electrolytes
66.30.hk Polymers
61.46.Df Structure of nanocrystals and nanoparticles ("colloidal" quantum dots but not gate-isolated embedded quantum dots)
78.30.Jw Organic compounds, polymers
81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials

Strain-assisted bandgap modulation in Zn based II-VI semiconductors

S. K. Yadav and R. Ramprasad

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 241903 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4729153 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 14 June 2012

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The electronic structure of bulk ZnX (X = O, S, Se, and Te) under uniaxial strain along the [0001] direction or equibiaxial strain along the (0001) plane is investigated using hybrid density functional theory calculations and many-body perturbation theory. It is shown that compressive uniaxial (or tensile equibiaxial) strains lead to a structural phase transition in all the ZnX systems. This is accompanied by large reductions in the bandgap of ZnSe and ZnTe, spanning the entire visible spectrum.
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71.20.Nr Semiconductor compounds
81.30.Hd Constant-composition solid-solid phase transformations: polymorphic, massive, and order-disorder
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
62.20.F- Deformation and plasticity
64.70.kg Semiconductors
71.15.Mb Density functional theory, local density approximation, gradient and other corrections

Size-dependent infrared properties of MgO nanoparticles with evidence of screening effect

Yann Chalopin, Hichem Dammak, Marc Hayoun, Mondher Besbes, and Jean-Jacques Greffet

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 241904 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4729384 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 14 June 2012

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We have investigated the infrared (IR) absorption properties of MgO nanoparticles (NPs) with the means of molecular dynamics simulations. Several size effects have been observed. We show in particular that the absorption of IR radiation does not occur predominantly through the polariton mode but preferentially through surface modes. This enhanced surface absorption is found to result from the absence of dielectric screening of the first atomic layer of the NPs. We demonstrate concomitantly that a macroscopic description of electrodynamics is inadequate to capture these unusual IR properties.
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78.67.Bf Nanocrystals, nanoparticles, and nanoclusters
71.36.+c Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions)

Long lifetime, high density single-crystal erbium compound nanowires as a high optical gain material

Leijun Yin, Hao Ning, Sunay Turkdogan, Zhicheng Liu, Patricia L. Nichols, and C. Z. Ning

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 241905 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4729412 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 14 June 2012

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Erbium-containing materials of long lifetime and high Er density are important for achieving strong luminescence and high optical gain in compact integrated photonics devices. We have systematically studied the lifetime and crystal quality as a function of growth conditions for an erbium compound that we recently reported, erbium chloride silicate (ECS). The lifetime for the best quality ECS nanowires can be as long as 540 μs, the longest for high-density Er-materials, representing a lifetime-density product as high as 8.7 × 1018 s cm−3. Such high density, long lifetime erbium materials can find many interesting applications such as compact lasers or amplifiers.
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81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing
61.46.Km Structure of nanowires and nanorods (long, free or loosely attached, quantum wires and quantum rods, but not gate-isolated embedded quantum wires)
78.67.Uh Nanowires
42.70.Nq Other nonlinear optical materials; photorefractive and semiconductor materials
78.55.Hx Other solid inorganic materials

Resolving the ultrafast dynamics of charge carriers in nanocomposites

J. Barreto, T. Roger, and A. Kaplan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 241906 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4728120 (4 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 14 June 2012

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Here, we describe an optical method to determine the dynamics of optically excited carriers in nanostructured composite samples. By combining pump-probe time-resolved reflectivity with scattering measurements, we extract the characteristic times for charge carrier evolution. We use the 3D Maxwell-Garnett formulae, modified to include the Drude optical response, to model the results. The method, applied to hydrogenated amorphous silicon containing crystalline silicon nanoparticles, showed that the recombination times in the nanocrystals and in the matrix were ∼4.9 ps and ∼22 ps, respectively. The charge transfer time between the crystals and the matrix was ∼4 ps.
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78.47.jg Time resolved reflection spectroscopy
72.20.Jv Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, and trapping
73.61.Jc Amorphous semiconductors; glasses
78.66.Jg Amorphous semiconductors; glasses

Coherently coupled ZnO and VO2 interface studied by photoluminescence and electrical transport across a phase transition

Amar Srivastava, T. S. Herng, Surajit Saha, Bao Nina, A. Annadi, N. Naomi, Z. Q. Liu, S. Dhar, Ariando, J. Ding, and T. Venkatesan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 241907 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4729387 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 15 June 2012

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We have investigated the photoluminescence and electrical properties of a coherently coupled interface consisting of a ZnO layer grown on top of an oriented VO2 layer on sapphire across the phase transition of VO2. The band edge and defect luminescence of the ZnO overlayer exhibit hysteresis in opposite directions induced by the phase transition of VO2. Concomitantly the phase transition of VO2 was seen to induce defects in the ZnO layer. Such coherently coupled interfaces could be of use in characterizing the stability of a variety of interfaces in situ and also for novel device application.
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73.40.Qv Metal-insulator-semiconductor structures (including semiconductor-to-insulator)
78.55.Hx Other solid inorganic materials
71.30.+h Metal-insulator transitions and other electronic transitions
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