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18 Jun 2012

Volume 100, Issue 25, Articles (25xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 252401 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4727909 (4 pages)

Ming Yan, Christian Andreas, Attila Kákay, Felipe García-Sánchez, and Riccardo Hertel
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Strong terahertz radiation from relativistic laser interaction with solid density plasmas

Y. T. Li (李玉同), C. Li (李春), M. L. Zhou (周木林), W. M. Wang (王伟民), F. Du (杜飞), W. J. Ding (丁文君), X. X. Lin (林晓宣), F. Liu (刘峰), Z. M. Sheng (盛政明), X. Y. Peng (彭晓昱), L. M. Chen (陈黎明), J. L. Ma (马景龙), X. Lu (鲁欣), Z. H. Wang (王兆华), Z. Y. Wei (魏志义), et al.

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 254101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4729874 (4 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 19 June 2012

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We report a plasma-based strong THz source generated in intense laser-solid interactions at relativistic intensities >1018 W/cm2. Energies up to 50 μJ/sr per THz pulse is observed when the laser pulses are incident onto a copper foil at 67.5°. The temporal properties of the THz radiation are measured by a single shot, electro-optic sampling method with a chirped laser pulse. The THz radiation is attributed to the self-organized transient fast electron currents formed along the target surface. Such a source allows potential applications in THz nonlinear physics and provides a diagnostic of transient currents generated in intense laser-solid interactions.
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52.25.Os Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation
52.27.Ny Relativistic plasmas
52.35.Mw Nonlinear phenomena: waves, wave propagation, and other interactions (including parametric effects, mode coupling, ponderomotive effects, etc.)
52.38.Kd Laser-plasma acceleration of electrons and ions
52.70.Kz Optical (ultraviolet, visible, infrared) measurements
52.25.Fi Transport properties

An energy-tunable positronium beam produced using the photodetachment of the positronium negative ion

K. Michishio, T. Tachibana, R. H. Suzuki, K. Wada, A. Yagishita, T. Hyodo, and Y. Nagashima

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 254102 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4729867 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 20 June 2012

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We report here the production of an energy-tunable monoenergetic positronium beam using photodetachment of the positronium negative ion, a bound state of one positron and two electrons. The ions were produced efficiently by bombarding a Na-coated tungsten surface with a pulsed slow positron beam and accelerated using a static electric field. On irradiating the ions with a high intensity pulsed laser light, a positronium beam with a hitherto unrealized energy range of up to 1.9 keV has been produced in an ultra high vacuum environment.
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36.10.Dr Positronium
34.80.Lx Recombination, attachment, and positronium formation

Free radicals induced in aqueous solution by non-contact atmospheric-pressure cold plasma

Atsushi Tani, Yusuke Ono, Satoshi Fukui, Satoshi Ikawa, and Katsuhisa Kitano

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 254103 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4729889 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 20 June 2012

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To understand plasma-induced chemical processing in liquids, we investigated the formation of free radicals in aqueous solution exposed to different types of non-contact atmospheric-pressure helium plasma using the spin-trapping technique. Both hydroxyl radical (OH·) and superoxide anion radical (O2−·) adducts were observed when neutral oxygen gas was additionally supplied to the plasma. In particular, O2−· can be dominantly induced in the solution via oxygen flow into the afterglow gas of helium plasma. This type of plasma treatment can potentially be used in medical applications to control infectious diseases, because the O2−· is crucial for sterilization of liquids via atmospheric-pressure plasma.
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52.77.-j Plasma applications
52.80.Hc Glow; corona
82.33.Xj Plasma reactions (including flowing afterglow and electric discharges)
52.25.-b Plasma properties

Increased electrical conductivity in fine-grained (Zr,Hf)NiSn based thermoelectric materials with nanoscale precipitates

Han-Hui Xie, Cui Yu, Tie-Jun Zhu, Chen-Guang Fu, G. Jeffrey Snyder, and Xin-Bing Zhao

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 254104 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4730436 (4 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 21 June 2012

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Grain refinement has been conducted to reduce the thermal conductivity and improve the thermoelectric performance of the (Zr,Hf)NiSn based half-Heusler alloys. Nanoscale in situ precipitates were found embedded in the matrix with submicron grains. The lattice thermal conductivity was decreased due to the enhanced boundary scattering of phonons. The increased carrier concentration and electrical conductivity were observed compared to the coarse-grained alloys, which is discussed in relation to the existence of nanoscale precipitates, the effect of antisite defects, and composition change. It is suggested that the nanoscale precipitates play a significant role in the observed electrical conductivity increase.
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72.15.Jf Thermoelectric and thermomagnetic effects
63.20.D- Phonon states and bands, normal modes, and phonon dispersion
72.15.Eb Electrical and thermal conduction in crystalline metals and alloys

Thermocoalescence of microdroplets in a microfluidic chamber

Trung-Dung Luong, Nam-Trung Nguyen, and Alex Sposito

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 254105 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4730606 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 22 June 2012

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Droplet coalescence plays an important role in droplet-based microfluidics. This letter reports the phenomenon of thermocoalescence of two droplets in a chamber with a microheater. An integrated resistive sensor allows the measurement of heating temperature. The merging process was investigated at different flow rates. Experimental results showed that the droplet slows down at increasing temperature and eventually merges with the subsequent droplet. Coalescence occurs at a critical heating temperature. The letter discusses the relationship between droplet velocity, critical merging temperature, and flow rates.
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47.55.df Breakup and coalescence
47.61.Fg Flows in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS)
47.60.-i Flow phenomena in quasi-one-dimensional systems
47.60.Dx Flows in ducts and channels
07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
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