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Applied Physics Letters / Volume 100 / Issue 4 / DIELECTRICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND MULTIFERROICS

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 042901 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3679102 (4 pages)

Powering pacemakers from heartbeat vibrations using linear and nonlinear energy harvesters

M. Amin Karami and Daniel J. Inman

Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

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(Received 26 October 2011; accepted 22 December 2011; published online 23 January 2012)

Linear and nonlinear piezoelectric devices are introduced to continuously recharge the batteries of the pacemakers by converting the vibrations from the heartbeats to electrical energy. The power requirement of a pacemaker is very low. However, after few years, patients require another surgical operation just to replace their pacemaker battery. Linear low frequency and nonlinear mono-stable and bi-stable energy harvesters are designed according to the especial signature of heart vibrations. The proposed energy harvesters are robust to variation of heart rate and can meet the power requirement of pacemakers.

© 2012 American Institute of Physics

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KEYWORDS, PACS, and IPC

Keywords

cardiology, energy harvesting, pacemakers, piezoelectric transducers, prosthetic power supplies

PACS

International Patent Classification (IPC)

  • A61N1/36

    For stimulation, e.g. heart pace-makers

  • B06B1/06

    Operating with piezo-electric effect or with electrostriction

  • H02N2/18

    Producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3679102

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0003-6951 (print)  
1077-3118 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

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    References

    F. Cottone, H. Vocca, and L. Gammaitoni, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 80601 (2009).

    A. Erturk, J. Hoffmann, and D. Inman, Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 254102 (2009)APPLAB000094000025254102000001.


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Figures (8)

Figures (click on thumbnails to view enlargements)

FIG.1
(Color online) Heartbeat waveform.

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FIG.2
The zigzag structure.

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FIG.3
(Color online) Optimal power transfer function and number of members of the zigzag structures as a function of the thickness of the substrate: (a) meso-scale and (b) micro-scale.

FIG.3 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.4
(Color online) The nonlinear energy harvesting configuration.

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FIG.5
(Color online) Strange attractor of the chaos in response to heartbeat waveform.

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FIG.6
(Color online) Poincare’ maps of the bi-stable harvester in response to different levels of heartbeat oscillations: (a) normal heartbeat intensity and (b) 10 times heartbeat intensity.

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FIG.7
(Color online) Power output of the nonlinear bi-stable energy harvester.

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FIG.8
(Color online) Variations of the power output of the bi-stable harvesting device with the heart rate.

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