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Applied Physics Letters / Volume 100 / Issue 4 / NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 043102 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3678190 (4 pages)

Transforming graphite to nanoscale diamonds by a femtosecond laser pulse

R. Nüske1, A. Jurgilaitis1, H. Enquist1, M. Harb1, Y. Fang2,3, U. Håkanson2,3, and J. Larsson1

1Atomic Physics Division, Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
2Division of Solid State Physics/The Nanometer Structure Consortium at Lund University (nmC@LU), P.O. Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
3Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603-146, 100190 Beijing, China

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(Received 4 December 2011; accepted 30 December 2011; published online 23 January 2012)

Formation of cubic diamond from graphite following irradiation by a single, intense, ultra-short laser pulse has been observed. Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) samples were irradiated by a 100 fs pulse with a center wavelength of 800 nm. Following laser exposure, the HOPG samples were studied using Raman spectroscopy of the sample surface. In the laser-irradiated areas, nanoscale cubic diamond crystals have been formed. The exposed areas were also studied using grazing incidence x-ray powder diffraction showing a restacking of planes from hexagonal graphite to rhombohedral graphite.

© 2012 American Institute of Physics

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KEYWORDS, PACS, and IPC

Keywords

diamond, graphite, laser beam effects, nanostructured materials, Raman spectra, solid-state phase transformations, X-ray diffraction

PACS

  • 64.70.K-

    Solid-solid transitions

  • 61.46.Bc

    Structure of clusters (e.g., metcars; not fragments of crystals; free or loosely aggregated or loosely attached to a substrate)

  • 61.80.Ba

    Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation effects (including laser radiation)

  • 64.70.Nd

    Structural transitions in nanoscale materials

  • 78.30.Na

    Fullerenes and related materials

International Patent Classification (IPC)

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3678190

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0003-6951 (print)  
1077-3118 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

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Figures (3) Tables (1)

Figures (click on thumbnails to view enlargements)

FIG.1
Image of the laser-irradiated graphite sample taken in the Raman microscope. Circles A and B show where measurements were carried out. The small circle marked “RES” indicates the resolution of the instrument.

FIG.1 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.2
Raman spectra of HOPG after femtosecond laser irradiation (A) and (B) and pristine HOPG (C).

FIG.2 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.3
Grazing incidence powder x-ray diffraction. Δ,○ are experimental data before and after laser exposure; hG, rG, hD, and cD denote the positions of hexagonal graphite, rhombohedral graphite, hexagonal diamond, and cubic diamond, respectively.

FIG.3 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

Tables

Table I. Powder diffraction data from this work and Ref. 10 compared to peak positions for hexagonal graphite (hG), rhombohedral graphite (rG),21 and hexagonal diamond (hD).22

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