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30 Jan 2012

Volume 100, Issue 5, Articles (05xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 053101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3679127 (3 pages)

Shinya Kano, Yasuyuki Yamada, Kentaro Tanaka, and Yutaka Majima
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Short circuit current improvement in planar heterojunction organic solar cells by multijunction charge transfer

J. C. Wang, S. Q. Shi, C. W. Leung, S. P. Lau, K. Y. Wong, and P. K. L. Chan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 053301 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3680253 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 30 January 2012

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A multijunction structure was applied on an organic photovoltaic (OPV) device for broadening the absorption spectrum and enhancing the power conversion efficiency through charge transfer process. By inserting the tris[4-(2-thienyl)]amine (TTPA) into a boron subphthalocyanine chloride (SubPc)/C60 OPV device, the short circuit current density (Jsc) showed a 47.5% increases from 3.05 to 4.50 mA/cm2 in the bilayer planar heterojunction device, while the open circuit voltage (Voc) remained constant. Based on the single junction (TTPA/SubPc) device and photoluminescence absorption results, we confirmed both TTPA/SubPc and SubPc/C60 junctions are contributing to the exciton dissociation process hence the efficiency enhancement.
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88.40.jr Organic photovoltaics
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Unipolar depletion-load organic circuits on flexible substrate by self-organized polymer blending with 6, 13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene using ink-jet printing

Sung Hoon Kim, Hye Rim Hwang, Ho Joong Kwon, and Jin Jang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 053302 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3680085 (4 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 31 January 2012

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We report the threshold voltage control and its application to electronic circuits of ink-jet printed organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with self-organized process using 6, 13-bis(triisopropylsilyl-ethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) and insulating polymer on plastic substrate. The threshold voltage of OTFTs can be changed by using different polymer blending. The enhancement and depletion-mode OTFTs can be achieved, respectively, by using polystyrene and poly(vinylphenol) through self-organized blending on the common substrate. A unipolar depletion-load inverter composed of enhancement-mode driver and depletion-mode load OTFTs has been demonstrated with ink-jet printed TIPS-pentacene layer on both TFT channels. An inverter on plastic shows a gain of −90.8 V/V at the driving voltage of −2 V.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
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Spin transport in poly(metalarenylsilane)

Yukihito Matsuura

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 053303 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3680590 (4 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 31 January 2012

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We focused on the spin transport properties of polymers containing ferrocene and the related transition-metal-benzene sandwich compound (metal = Cr and V) with a silicon bridge such as poly(ferrocenylsilane) and poly(metalarenylsilane). As a model system, a sulfur-substituted oligomer was put on gold electrodes via the sulfur-gold interaction. Spin transport between the two gold electrodes was calculated using a non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism and density functional theory. We have found that the oligomer containing Cr or V atoms exhibited an almost perfect spin filter behavior in which all the 3dz2 orbitals contributed to the electron transport.
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71.20.Rv Polymers and organic compounds
72.25.-b Spin polarized transport
72.80.Le Polymers; organic compounds (including organic semiconductors)
71.15.Mb Density functional theory, local density approximation, gradient and other corrections
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Enhanced efficiency of organic light-emitting devices with metallic electrodes by integrating periodically corrugated structure

Yan-Gang Bi, Jing Feng, Yun-Fei Li, Yu Jin, Yue-Feng Liu, Qi-Dai Chen, and Hong-Bo Sun

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 053304 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3680595 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 31 January 2012

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Photons trapped in form of surface-plasmon polariton (SPP) modes associated with the metallic electrode/organic interface results in a large energy loss in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). We demonstrate efficient outcoupling of SPP modes from one of two metal electrodes by integrating a periodic wavelength-scale corrugation into the device structure. 30% enhancement in efficiency has been obtained from the corrugated OLEDs with appropriate grating period. The efficient outcoupling of the SPPs has been verified by numerical simulations of both absorption spectra and field distribution.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
71.36.+c Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions)
73.22.Lp Collective excitations
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Understanding metal doping for organic electron transport layers

Alexander Mityashin, David Cheyns, Barry P. Rand, and Paul Heremans

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 053305 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3681383 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 1 February 2012

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This work concerns the physical mechanisms of metal n-doping in charge transport layers for optoelectronic devices, for which the doping level is constrained by transparency requirements so as to avoid parasitic absorption. Comparing various metal dopants, we claim that enhanced conductivity at low doping is initiated by the electrical doping effect, namely, metal-semiconductor charge donation. Electrical measurements show that doping effects at low concentration strongly depend on the work function of the introduced metal, and not every metal works as an efficient dopant. Practical applicability is demonstrated by introducing doped transport layers in prototypical bilayer solar cells in conventional and inverted architectures.
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61.72.up Other materials
65.40.gh Work functions
73.61.Ph Polymers; organic compounds
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Electrical phase transition of poly(4,4′-aminotriphenylene hexafluoroisopropylidenediphthalimide) by photogenerated charged carrier injection

Kyoung-Jae Lee, Dong Min Kim, Kyuwook Ihm, Moonhor Ree, Tai-Hee Kang, and Sukmin Chung

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 053306 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3681776 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 1 February 2012

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We show a set-up of poly(4,4′-aminotriphenylene hexafluoroisopropylidenediphthalimide) (6F-TPA PI)/Al sample in which holes are injected by photoelectron emission process instead of direct charge carrier injection via metal electrode. In this process, an irreversible electrical phase transition of 6F-TPA PI is found in contrast to the Al/6F-TPA PI/Al structure, leading to a write-once-read-many behavior. The photoelectron spectroscopy results measured before and after the switching process revealed that the irreversible electrical phase transition of 6F-TPA PI is attributed to the chemical modification of the carbonyl group in phthalimide moiety.
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72.60.+g Mixed conductivity and conductivity transitions
79.60.Fr Polymers; organic compounds
78.70.Dm X-ray absorption spectra
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Optimal parameters for morphology of bulk heterojunction solar cells from simulations

Junwei Xue, Tingjun Hou, and Youyong Li

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 053307 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3681947 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 2 February 2012

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We combine atomistic simulation with mesoscale simulation to predict the morphology of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. We show that good morphology is formed for weight fraction of PCBM in the region of 0.41–0.62 for poly(3-hexylthiophene)/[6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester BHJ solar cells, which agrees with experimental results. Our simulation results indicate that the enhanced phase separation is achieved by increasing the temperature, which is consistent with transmission electron microscopy results. We find that Flory-Huggins parameter (χ) > 1 is required for phase separation and good morphology. Our simulation method is useful for predicting the morphology of BHJ polymer solar cells.
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88.40.jr Organic photovoltaics
88.40.hj Efficiency and performance of solar cells
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Cumulative effects of electrode and dielectric surface modifications on pentacene-based transistors

Mélanie Devynck, Pascal Tardy, Guillaume Wantz, Yohann Nicolas, Luc Vellutini, Christine Labrugère, and Lionel Hirsch

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 053308 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3681791 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 3 February 2012

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Surface modifications of the dielectric and the metal of pentacene-based field effect transistors using self-assembled monolayer (SAM) were studied. First, a low interfacial trap density and pentacene 2D-growth were favored by the nonpolar and low surface energy of octadecyltrichlorosilane-based SAM. This treatment leaded to increased mobility up to 0.4 cm2 V−1 s−1 and no observable hysteresis on transfer curves. Second, reduced hole injection barrier and contact resistance were achieved by fluorinated thiols deposited on gold contacts resulting in an increased mobility up to 0.6 cm2 V−1 s−1. Finally, a high mobility of 2.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 was achieved by cumulative effects of both treatments.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
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Cross-linking of a poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):(polystyrene sulfonic acid) hole injection layer with a bis-azide salt and the effect of atmospheric processing conditions on device properties

Oliver Fenwick, Kate Oliver, and Franco Cacialli

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 053309 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3680606 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 3 February 2012

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We investigate the role of atmospheric conditions during processing when cross-linking a poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):(polystyrene sulfonic acid) hole injection layer with a bis-azide salt. In particular, we investigate nitrogen atmosphere and air, since there is a competing reaction of the cross-linker with oxygen. We show enhanced work function when processing under inert conditions, with device properties otherwise unaffected. When processing is done in air, higher irradiation dosages are needed to cross-link and the resulting films show lower work functions. Surprisingly, the finished devices display an unexpected two-fold increase in efficiency which we attribute to increased electron trapping in these films.
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73.30.+y Surface double layers, Schottky barriers, and work functions
73.50.Gr Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, trapping, mean free paths
61.41.+e Polymers, elastomers, and plastics
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
72.20.Jv Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, and trapping
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