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27 Feb 2012

Volume 100, Issue 9, Articles (09xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 093101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3687190 (4 pages)

Jinhai Mao, Li Huang, Yi Pan, Min Gao, Junfeng He, Haitao Zhou, Haiming Guo, Yuan Tian, Qiang Zou, Lizhi Zhang, Haigang Zhang, Yeliang Wang, Shixuan Du, Xingjiang Zhou, A. H. Castro Neto, et al.
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On the origin of electrical conductivity in the bio-electronic material melanin

A. Bernardus Mostert, Ben J. Powell, Ian R. Gentle, and Paul Meredith

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 093701 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3688491 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 27 February 2012

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The skin pigment melanin is one of a few bio-macromolecules that display electrical and photo-conductivity in the solid-state. A model for melanin charge transport based on amorphous semiconductivity has been widely accepted for 40 years. In this letter, we show that a central pillar in support of this hypothesis, namely experimental agreement with a hydrated dielectric model, is an artefact related to measurement geometry and non-equilibrium behaviour. Our results cast significant doubt on the validity of the amorphous semiconductor model and are a reminder of the difficulties of electrical measurements on low conductivity, disordered organic materials.
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87.85.jc Electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of biological matter
72.40.+w Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects
87.15.Pc Electronic and electrical properties

Ring like self assembled Ni nanoparticles based biosensor for food toxin detection

Prasanta Kalita, Jay Singh, Manish Kumar Singh, Pratima R. Solanki, G. Sumana, and B. D. Malhotra

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 093702 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3690044 (4 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 28 February 2012

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The self-assembled ring like nickel (RnNi ∼ 10-20 nm) nanoparticles have been prepared by pulsed laser ablation method and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. These RnNi nanoparticles electrophoretically deposited onto the indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass substrate have been functionalized with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for covalent immobilization of anti-aflatoxin (a-AfB1) monoclonal antibodies and bovine serum albumin as blocking agent. The electrochemical response studies of a-AfB1/DMSO/RnNi-film/ITO bioelectrode reveal linearity as 5-100 ngdL−1, detection limit of 32.7 ngdL−1, sensitivity of 0.59 μA/ng dL−1, and shelf-life of 60 days. The low value (1.3 × 1014 molL−1) of association constant (Ka) shows high affinity towards aflatoxin.
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87.85.fk Biosensors
07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
81.15.Fg Pulsed laser ablation deposition
81.16.Dn Self-assembly
81.16.Mk Laser-assisted deposition
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices

Bio-inspired signal transduction with heterogeneous networks of nanoscillators

Javier Cervera, José A. Manzanares, and Salvador Mafé

Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 093703 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3691630 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 2 March 2012

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Networks of single-electron transistors mimic some of the essential properties of neuron populations, because weak electrical signals trigger network oscillations with a frequency proportional to the input signal. Input potentials representing the pixel gray level of a grayscale image can then be converted into rhythms and the image can be recovered from these rhythms. Networks of non-identical nanoscillators complete the noisy transduction more reliably than identical ones. These results are important for signal processing schemes and could support recent studies suggesting that neuronal variability enhances the processing of biological information.
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87.85.Ng Biological signal processing
85.35.Gv Single electron devices
87.19.L- Neuroscience
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