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3 Sep 2012

Volume 101, Issue 10, Articles (10xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 103101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4748099 (5 pages)

Massimo Cuscunà, Annalisa Convertino, Emiliano Zampetti, Antonella Macagnano, Alessandro Pecora, Guglielmo Fortunato, Laura Felisari, Giuseppe Nicotra, Corrado Spinella, and Faustino Martelli
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Controlling spatial distribution of thermal poling induced second-order optical nonlinearity with multilayered structures

Hong-Lin An and Simon Fleming

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 101101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4749814 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 4 September 2012

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Fused silica plates with boron-doped silicate multilayered thin films are thermally poled to create second-order optical nonlinearity for nonlinear optical applications. Measurement results from second harmonic microscopy show that the spatial distribution of the induced nonlinearity peaks at the interfaces between different layers where there is an abrupt change in boron concentration. A simple model is suggested to simulate the nonlinearity-trapping effect at the interfaces. This nonlinearity-trapping effect is not restricted to interfaces with abrupt refractive index changes; results from silica plates with deposited multilayered pure silica thin films show that the interface between the silica substrate and the silica thin film also has the nonlinearity-trapping effect.
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78.66.Nk Insulators
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology

Impact of resonator geometry and its coupling with ground plane on ultrathin metamaterial perfect absorbers

Li Huang, Dibakar Roy Chowdhury, Suchitra Ramani, Matthew T. Reiten, Sheng-Nian Luo, Abul K. Azad, Antoinette J. Taylor, and Hou-Tong Chen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 101102 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4749823 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 4 September 2012

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We investigate the impact of resonator geometry and its coupling with ground plane on the performance of metamaterial perfect absorbers. Using a cross-resonator as an example structure, we find that the absorber thickness can be further reduced through modifying the geometric dimensions of the resonators. Numerical simulations and theoretical calculations reveal that destructive interference of multiple reflections is responsible for the near-unity absorption. The near-field coupling between the resonator array and ground plane can be significant. When this coupling is taken into account, the theoretical results calculated using the interference model are in excellent agreement with experiments and numerical simulations.
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42.79.-e Optical elements, devices, and systems
42.70.-a Optical materials

Buried heterostructure vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with semiconductor mirrors

G. Zhao, Y. Zhang, D. G. Deppe, K. Konthasinghe, and A. Muller

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 101103 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750062 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 4 September 2012

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We report a buried heterostructure vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser fabricated by epitaxial regrowth over an InGaAs quantum well gain medium. The regrowth technique enables microscale lateral confinement that preserves a high cavity quality factor (loaded Q ≈ 4000) and eliminates parasitic charging effects found in existing approaches. Under optimal spectral overlap between gain medium and cavity mode (achieved here at T = 40 K), lasing was obtained with an incident optical power as low as Pth = 10 mW (λp = 808 nm). The laser linewidth was found to be ≈ 3 GHz at Pp ≈ 5 Pth.
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42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings
85.35.Be Quantum well devices (quantum dots, quantum wires, etc.)
42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors

Apodized focusing subwavelength grating couplers for suspended membrane waveguides

Zhenzhou Cheng, Xia Chen, Chi Yan Wong, Ke Xu, and Hon Ki Tsang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 101104 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750071 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 4 September 2012

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We demonstrate an apodized focusing subwavelength grating (SWG) for suspended membrane waveguides on silicon-on-insulator. Finite-difference time-domain simulation predicts −1.7 dB coupling efficiency and a 3 dB bandwidth of ∼50 nm for the transverse-magnetic mode apodized SWG, which has 98% field overlap with propagation mode in the single mode fiber. A modified phase matching formula is proposed to design the focusing apodized SWG. Better than −3.0 dB coupling efficiency and a 3 dB optical bandwidth of ∼50 nm is demonstrated experimentally.
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42.81.Qb Fiber waveguides, couplers, and arrays
42.82.Bq Design and performance testing of integrated-optical systems
42.15.Eq Optical system design
42.79.Dj Gratings

1550 nm ErAs:In(Al)GaAs large area photoconductive emitters

S. Preu, M. Mittendorff, H. Lu, H. B. Weber, S. Winnerl, and A. C. Gossard

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 101105 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750244 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 4 September 2012

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We report on high power terahertz (THz) emission from ErAs-enhanced In0.52Al0.48As-In0.53Ga0.47As superlattices for operation at 1550 nm. ErAs clusters act as efficient recombination centers. The optical power is distributed among a large, microstructured area in order to reduce the local optical intensity. A THz field strength of 0.7 V/cm (1 V/cm peak-to-peak) at 100 mW average optical power has been obtained, with emission up to about 4 THz in air, limited by the detection crystal used in the system.
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81.05.Ea III-V semiconductors
72.20.Jv Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, and trapping
72.40.+w Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects
73.63.-b Electronic transport in nanoscale materials and structures
78.70.Gq Microwave and radio-frequency interactions

High-Q AlN photonic crystal nanobeam cavities fabricated by layer transfer

S. Sergent, M. Arita, S. Kako, K. Tanabe, S. Iwamoto, and Y. Arakawa

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 101106 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4751336 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 5 September 2012

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High-quality-factor one-dimensional photonic crystal nanobeam cavities embedding GaN/AlN quantum dots are fabricated by an epilayer transfer method. The GaN/AlN quantum dots are first grown on SiC before being transferred to a Si substrate using a hydrogen silsesquioxane bonding layer and highly selective back-etching of the SiC. Nanobeam cavities are then fabricated by electron-beam lithography, dry etching, and HF underetching of the bonding layer. The resulting nanocavity exhibits quality factors larger than 6.3 × 103, the highest quality factor reported to date for an optically active group-III nitride photonic crystal nanocavity.
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42.82.Cr Fabrication techniques; lithography, pattern transfer
42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials

Study of semiconductor quantum dots influence on photorefractivity of liquid crystals

A. Anczykowska, S. Bartkiewicz, M. Nyk, and J. Mysliwiec

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 101107 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750060 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 5 September 2012

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In this paper, we present the results of doping nematic liquid crystals (nLCs) with semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) where we discuss the CdS and CdSe QDs influence on the optical properties of investigated liquid crystal structures, i.e., diffraction efficiency enhancement. We also present the mathematical model describing the interaction between QDs and nLC molecules in the liquid crystal volume. The aim of this study is to improve the comprehension of the mechanisms of photorefractive effect observed in functionalized liquid crystal structures, which can lead to the development of more efficient holographic materials for dynamic data processing applications.
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78.20.Mg Photorefractive effects
78.15.+e Optical properties of fluid materials, supercritical fluids and liquid crystals
61.30.Cz Molecular and microscopic models and theories of liquid crystal structure
42.70.Df Liquid crystals

Gray-scale and color optical encryption based on computational ghost imaging

Mehrdad Tanha, Reza Kheradmand, and Sohrab Ahmadi-Kandjani

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 101108 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4748875 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 5 September 2012

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We propose two approaches for optical encryption based on computational ghost imaging. These methods have the capability of encoding ghost images reconstructed from gray-scale images and colored objects. We experimentally demonstrate our approaches under eavesdropping in two different setups, thereby proving the robustness and simplicity thereof for encryption compared with previous algorithms.
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42.30.Va Image forming and processing
42.30.Wb Image reconstruction; tomography
84.40.Ua Telecommunications: signal transmission and processing; communication satellites

Self-accelerating parabolic beams in quadratic nonlinear media

Ido Dolev, Ana Libster, and Ady Arie

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 101109 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4748979 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 5 September 2012

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We present experimental observation of self-accelerating parabolic beams in quadratic nonlinear media. We show that the intensity peaks of the first and second harmonics are asynchronous with respect to one another in the two transverse coordinates. In addition, the two coupled harmonics have the same acceleration within and after the nonlinear medium. We also study the evolution of second harmonic accelerating beams inside the quadratic media and their correlation with theoretical beams.
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42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation

Chalcogenide microwire based Raman laser

Raja Ahmad and Martin Rochette

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 101110 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4751850 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 6 September 2012

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We present a Raman fiber laser based on a chalcogenide glass microwire. The microwire is pumped in the C-band, and the resulting laser oscillates in the L-band. The power conversion efficiency of the device is ∼17%, and the laser threshold is 23.2 dBm (pulse energy = 4.65 pJ) in peak pump power. By extension, the device can be used for all-optical wavelength conversion of existing laser sources in the useful transmission window of chalcogenide, from the C-band up to a wavelength of ∼10 μm in the mid-infrared.
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42.55.Wd Fiber lasers
42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation
42.70.Ce Glasses, quartz
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems

Frequency and amplitude stabilized terahertz quantum cascade laser as local oscillator

Y. Ren, D. J. Hayton, J. N. Hovenier, M. Cui, J. R. Gao, T. M. Klapwijk, S. C. Shi, T.-Y. Kao, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 101111 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4751247 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 6 September 2012

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We demonstrate an experimental scheme to simultaneously stabilize the frequency and amplitude of a 3.5 THz third-order distributed feedback quantum cascade laser as a local oscillator. The frequency stabilization has been realized using a methanol absorption line, a power detector, and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) loop. The amplitude stabilization of the incident power has been achieved using a swing-arm voice coil actuator as a fast optical attenuator, using the direct detection output of a superconducting mixer in combination with a 2nd PID loop. Improved Allan variance times of the entire receiver, as well as the heterodyne molecular spectra, are demonstrated.
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42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
84.40.-x Radiowave and microwave (including millimeter wave) technology
42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings
42.79.-e Optical elements, devices, and systems
33.20.Bx Radio-frequency and microwave spectra
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