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10 Sep 2012

Volume 101, Issue 11, Articles (11xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 113302 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4749791 (4 pages)

Chang-Hoon Shim, Shuzo Hirata, Juro Oshima, Tomohiko Edura, Reiji Hattori, and Chihaya Adachi
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Effect of bulk electric field reversal on the bounce resonance heating in dual-frequency capacitively coupled electronegative plasmas

Yong-Xin Liu, Quan-Zhi Zhang, Jia Liu, Yuan-Hong Song, Annemie Bogaerts, and You-Nian Wang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 114101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4751984 (4 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 10 September 2012

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The electron bounce resonance heating (BRH) in dual-frequency capacitively coupled plasmas operated in oxygen and argon has been studied by different experimental methods. In comparison with the electropositive argon discharge, the BRH in an electronegative discharge occurs at larger electrode gaps. Kinetic particle simulations reveal that in the oxygen discharge, the bulk electric field becomes quite strong and is out of phase with the sheath field. Therefore, it retards the resonant electrons when traversing the bulk, resulting in a suppressed BRH. This effect becomes more pronounced at lower high-frequency power, when the discharge mode changes from electropositive to electronegative.
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52.25.Fi Transport properties
52.40.Kh Plasma sheaths
52.65.Rr Particle-in-cell method
52.27.Aj Single-component, electron-positive-ion plasmas
52.80.Pi High-frequency and RF discharges

Total energy loss to fast ablator-ions and target capacitance of direct-drive implosions on OMEGA

N. Sinenian, A. B. Zylstra, M. J.-E. Manuel, H. G. Rinderknecht, J. A. Frenje, F. H. Séguin, C. K. Li, R. D. Petrasso, V. Goncharov, J. Delettrez, I. V. Igumenshchev, D. H. Froula, C. Stoeckl, T. C. Sangster, D. D. Meyerhofer, et al.

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 114102 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4752012 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 10 September 2012

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Measurements of the total energy carried by fast ablator-ions in direct-drive implosions on OMEGA have been conducted using magnetic and Thomson Parabola spectrometers. It is shown that the total laser energy lost to fast ablator-ions for plastic and glass targets is comparable and that it is a modest fraction of the incident laser energy (≲1%). These measurements have been used to infer a non-linear, voltage-dependent target capacitance ( ∼ 0.1 nF) associated with the space-charge that accelerates the fast-ions.
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52.38.Kd Laser-plasma acceleration of electrons and ions
52.38.Mf Laser ablation
52.70.Ds Electric and magnetic measurements
52.70.Nc Particle measurements
52.80.Qj Explosions; exploding wires
29.20.Ej Linear accelerators

Fast acoustic tweezers for the two-dimensional manipulation of individual particles in microfluidic channels

S. B. Q. Tran, P. Marmottant, and P. Thibault

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 114103 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4751348 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 11 September 2012

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This paper presents a microfluidic device that implements standing surface acoustic waves in order to handle single cells, droplets, and generally particles. The particles are moved in a very controlled manner by the two-dimensional drifting of a standing wave array, using a slight frequency modulation of two ultrasound emitters around their resonance. These acoustic tweezers allow any type of motion at velocities up to few ×10 mm/s, while the device transparency is adapted for optical studies. The possibility of automation provides a critical step in the development of lab-on-a-chip cell sorters and it should find applications in biology, chemistry, and engineering domains.
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87.80.Ek Mechanical and micromechanical techniques
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
07.10.Cm Micromechanical devices and systems
87.17.Uv Biotechnology of cell processes

Coded aperture imaging of fusion source in a plasma focus operated with pure D2 and a D2-Kr gas admixture

S. V. Springham, A. Talebitaher, P. M. E. Shutler, S. Lee, R. S. Rawat, and P. Lee

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 114104 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4752256 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 11 September 2012

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The coded aperture imaging (CAI) technique has been used to investigate the spatial distribution of DD fusion in a 1.6 kJ plasma focus (PF) device operated in, alternatively, pure deuterium or deuterium-krypton admixture. The coded mask pattern is based on a singer cyclic difference set with 25% open fraction and positioned close to 90° to the plasma focus axis, with CR-39 detectors used to register tracks of protons from the D(d, p)T reaction. Comparing the coded aperture imaging proton images for pure D2 and D2-Kr admixture operation reveals clear differences in size, density, and shape between the fusion sources for these two cases.
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52.25.Os Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation
52.75.-d Plasma devices
52.70.La X-ray and γ-ray measurements

Surface-tension driven self-assembly of microchips on hydrophobic receptor sites with water using forced wetting

Bo Chang, Ali Shah, Iiris Routa, Harri Lipsanen, and Quan Zhou

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 114105 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4751980 (5 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 12 September 2012

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This letter reports water droplet self-alignment methods for self-assembly of microchips on hydrophobic receptor sites in ambient air environment. It is an open question if lyophobic receptor site of the self-alignment medium can be used for self-assembly. We investigate this question using both numerical simulation and experimental studies on hydrophobic receptor sites (advancing contact angle of 118°) with superhydrophobic substrate (contact angle of 180°). We demonstrate that self-alignment is possible using two forced wetting methods: (a) introducing an excessive amount of water and (b) applying external pressure. The results suggest that surface-tension driven self-alignment can be applied in a wider combination of materials and mediums.
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85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
68.03.Cd Surface tension and related phenomena
68.08.Bc Wetting

Simultaneous measurement of gravity acceleration and gravity gradient with an atom interferometer

F. Sorrentino, A. Bertoldi, Q. Bodart, L. Cacciapuoti, M. de Angelis, Y.-H. Lien, M. Prevedelli, G. Rosi, and G. M. Tino

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 114106 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4751112 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 12 September 2012

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We demonstrate a method to measure the gravitational acceleration with a dual cloud atom interferometer; the use of simultaneous atom interferometers reduces the effect of seismic noise on the gravity measurement. At the same time, the apparatus is capable of accurate measurements of the vertical gravity gradient. The ability to determine the gravity acceleration and gravity gradient simultaneously and with the same instrument opens interesting perspectives in geophysical applications.
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93.85.Hj Gravity methods
06.30.Gv Velocity, acceleration, and rotation
91.10.Pp Geodetic techniques; gravimetric measurements and instruments

Contact charging of silica glass particles in a single collision

W. Hu, L. Xie, and X. Zheng

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 114107 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4752458 (5 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 13 September 2012

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Based on asymmetric contact, we present a contact charge model of high-energy trapped holes to predict the contact charging and explain the net charge transfer between identical silica glass surfaces in a single normal collision. Furthermore, the contact charging measurements are investigated on normal collisions of glassy particle-glassy particle-steel plane and glassy particle-glassy plane. The predicted results agree well with our experiments qualitatively and quantitatively: the impacting velocity and the particle size are two important factors affecting the magnitude of the contact charging.
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82.30.Fi Ion-molecule, ion-ion, and charge-transfer reactions
62.20.de Elastic moduli
81.40.Jj Elasticity and anelasticity, stress-strain relations

Wall-less liquid pathways formed with three-dimensional microring arrays

W. C. Lee, Y. J. Heo, and S. Takeuchi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 114108 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4752720 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 14 September 2012

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This paper describes a method to construct microfluidic pathways without physical walls—wall-less microchannels. Compared to the previous wall-less microfluidics based on two-dimensional patterns, this method uses three-dimensional ring arrays and two immiscible liquids. The distant rings generate free-standing liquid pathways in order to minimize liquid surfaces contacted to solid walls. In the experimental study, we reduced the liquid-solid interface area per volume to 17.3% of that of the conventional microchannels with squared cross-sections. We envision that this aspect would be significant in micro/nano-fluidics, whose surface-area-to-volume ratio is extremely large.
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47.60.Dx Flows in ducts and channels
47.85.Np Fluidics

Damage detection via Joule effect for multidirectional carbon fiber reinforced composites

N. Athanasopoulos and V. Kostopoulos

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 114109 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4751992 (5 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 14 September 2012

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The electrical conductivity of a thin multidirectional carbon fiber reinforced composite laminates can be expressed by an equivalent symmetric second order tensor. Any change of the microstructure of the composite laminate due to an interlaminar damage locally changes the electrical conductivity tensor of the medium. Applying electric potential difference, the temperature of the medium rises, due to the Joule effect. In the presence of interlaminar damage, the developed temperature field changes locally. Following the coupled electrical/thermal solution of the problem, the mechanism of the phenomenon is elucidated and validated against experimental results by comparing the measured to calculated temperature field.
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72.20.Pa Thermoelectric and thermomagnetic effects
72.80.Tm Composite materials
61.72.-y Defects and impurities in crystals; microstructure
81.70.-q Methods of materials testing and analysis
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