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10 Sep 2012

Volume 101, Issue 11, Articles (11xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 113302 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4749791 (4 pages)

Chang-Hoon Shim, Shuzo Hirata, Juro Oshima, Tomohiko Edura, Reiji Hattori, and Chihaya Adachi
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Generation of high-frequency terahertz waves in periodically poled LiNbO3 based on backward parametric interaction

Ruolin Chen, Guan Sun, Guibao Xu, Yujie J. Ding, and Ioulia B. Zotova

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 111101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4751843 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 10 September 2012

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Backward terahertz pulses at high frequencies are generated in multi-period periodically poled LiNbO3 using ultrafast pulses of a regenerative amplifier. The highest frequencies generated by us are centered at 4.8 THz at the poling period of 7.1 μm, corresponding to the output wavelength of 62.5 μm. Enhancement factors as large as 61 in the output powers are achieved and analyzed due to resonance-enhanced nonlinear optical coefficients.
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78.70.Gq Microwave and radio-frequency interactions
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)

Far field subwavelength imaging of magnetic patterns

Abdelwaheb Ourir, Geoffroy Lerosey, Fabrice Lemoult, Mathias Fink, and Julien de Rosny

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 111102 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4748974 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 10 September 2012

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Far field imaging of subwavelength magnetic objects in real time is a very challenging issue. We propose an original solution based on a planar array of closely spaced split ring resonators. Hybridization between the resonators of such metalens induces subwavelength modes with different frequencies. Thanks to these high Q resonating modes, Purcell like effect allows an evanescent source, close to the metalens, to emit waves that can be collected efficiently in the far field. We present the first microwave experimental demonstration of such metalens to image of a subwavelength magnetic pattern. Numerical simulation shows that this approach is still valid at THz frequencies.
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42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors
02.60.Cb Numerical simulation; solution of equations

Enhanced nonlinear optical response of metal nanocomposite based photonic crystals

Saima Husaini, Huayu Teng, and Vinod M. Menon

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 111103 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4751840 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 11 September 2012

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We demonstrate enhanced nonlinear optical response from a one-dimensional metal nanocomposite based photonic crystal. A three-fold increase in the two photon absorption coefficient was observed for the photonic crystal structure when compared to a single layer of the metal nanocomposite having comparable metal content. The photonic crystal structure also shows a reduction in the optical limiting threshold by a factor of seven. The combination of metal nanoparticles with appropriately designed plasmon resonance in combination with photonic crystal structure provides an attractive approach for developing practical nonlinear optical devices with low thresholds and wide spectral bandwidth.
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78.67.Pt Multilayers; superlattices; photonic structures; metamaterials
78.67.Sc Nanoaggregates; nanocomposites
42.70.Mp Nonlinear optical crystals
61.66.Dk Alloys

Equalizing disordered ferroelectrics for diffraction cancellation

Jacopo Parravicini, Aharon J. Agranat, Claudio Conti, and Eugenio DelRe

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 111104 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4751847 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 11 September 2012

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We show how the cross-over effect of dipolar glasses can be used to observe diffraction cancellation in composite ferroelectric samples independently of composition. We are able to selectively frustrate the dielectric anomaly of different compositionally disordered photorefractive ferroelectrics to achieve scale-free optical propagation at one same temperature.
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77.80.B- Phase transitions and Curie point
42.70.Gi Light-sensitive materials
77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates

Photocarrier lifetime and transport in silicon supersaturated with sulfur

Peter D. Persans, Nathaniel E. Berry, Daniel Recht, David Hutchinson, Hannah Peterson, Jessica Clark, Supakit Charnvanichborikarn, James S. Williams, Anthony DiFranzo, Michael J. Aziz, and Jeffrey M. Warrender

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 111105 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4746752 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 11 September 2012

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Doping of silicon-on-insulator layers with sulfur to concentrations far above equilibrium by ion implantation and pulsed laser melting can result in large concentration gradients. Photocarriers generated in and near the impurity gradient can separate into different coplanar transport layers, leading to enhanced photocarrier lifetimes in thin silicon-on-insulator films. The depth from which holes escape the heavily doped region places a lower limit on the minority carrier mobility-lifetime product of 10−8 cm2/V for heavily sulfur doped silicon. We conclude that the cross-section for recombination through S impurities at this concentration is significantly reduced relative to isolated impurities.
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72.20.Jv Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, and trapping
73.40.Qv Metal-insulator-semiconductor structures (including semiconductor-to-insulator)
73.50.Dn Low-field transport and mobility; piezoresistance
73.50.Gr Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, trapping, mean free paths
61.72.uf Ge and Si
72.20.Fr Low-field transport and mobility; piezoresistance

Quasi-monoenergetic electron beams production in a sharp density transition

S. Fourmaux, K. Ta Phuoc, P. Lassonde, S. Corde, G. Lebrun, V. Malka, A. Rousse, and J. C. Kieffer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 111106 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4752114 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 12 September 2012

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Using a laser plasma accelerator, experiments with a 80 TW and 30 fs laser pulse demonstrated quasi-monoenergetic electron spectra with maximum energy over 0.4 GeV. This is achieved using a supersonic He gas jet and a sharp density ramp generated by a high intensity laser crossing pre-pulse focused 3 ns before the main laser pulse. By adjusting this crossing pre-pulse position inside the gas jet, among the laser shots with electron injection, more than 40% can produce quasi-monoenergetic spectra. This could become a relatively straight forward technique to control laser wakefield electron beams parameters.
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29.20.Ej Linear accelerators
41.75.Fr Electron and positron beams
52.50.Jm Plasma production and heating by laser beams (laser-foil, laser-cluster, etc.)
42.55.-f Lasers
52.75.-d Plasma devices

Terahertz transmission ellipsometry of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes

M. J. Paul, N. A. Kuhta, J. L. Tomaino, A. D. Jameson, L. P. Maizy, T. Sharf, N. L. Rupesinghe, K. B. K. Teo, S. Inampudi, V. A. Podolskiy, E. D. Minot, and Yun-Shik Lee

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 111107 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4752158 (5 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 12 September 2012

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We demonstrate time-resolved terahertz transmission ellipsometry of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The angle-resolved transmission measurements reveal anisotropic characteristics of the terahertz electrodynamics in multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The anisotropy is, however, unexpectedly weak: the ratio of the tube-axis conductivity to the transverse conductivity, σz/σxy ≅ 2.3, is nearly constant over the broad spectral range of 0.4–1.6 THz. The relatively weak anisotropy and the strong transverse electrical conduction indicate that THz fields readily induce electron transport between adjacent shells within multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
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78.67.Ch Nanotubes
78.70.Gq Microwave and radio-frequency interactions
73.63.Fg Nanotubes

Terahertz mirage: Deflecting terahertz beams in an inhomogeneous artificial dielectric based on a parallel-plate waveguide

Rajind Mendis, Jingbo Liu, and Daniel M. Mittleman

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 111108 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4752241 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 12 September 2012

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The field of metamaterials and the formalism of transformation optics have provided a prescription for constructing artificial dielectrics with unique properties such as light trapping and cloaking. Here, we describe a different approach to creating an inhomogeneous artificial medium, based on waveguide techniques, which does not rely on engineered subwavelength-scale components. We demonstrate a mirage effect in which an object several times larger than the selected wavelength is rendered invisible by bending a beam around it.
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42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
42.70.-a Optical materials

High-power high-efficiency optically pumped semiconductor disk lasers in the green spectral region with a broad tuning range

A. Hein, S. Menzel, and P. Unger

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 111109 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4751352 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 13 September 2012

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Optically pumped semiconductor disk lasers with an infra-red fundamental emission at around 1050 nm are presented. Design and characteristics of the devices are discussed and evaluated. A maximum output power of infra-red radiation of 18 W close to room temperature and rather high slope and differential quantum efficiencies are demonstrated. Utilizing intra-cavity second-harmonic generation in a folded resonator, green optical output powers exceeding 8 W are generated. A maximum total conversion efficiency of 22% and a relatively broad tuning range of 22 nm in the second-harmonic regime are achieved.
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42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation
42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking

Optical absorption in graphene integrated on silicon waveguides

Huan Li, Yoska Anugrah, Steven J. Koester, and Mo Li

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 111110 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4752435 (5 pages)

Online Publication Date: 13 September 2012

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To fully utilize graphene's remarkable optical properties for optoelectronic applications, it needs to be integrated in planar photonic systems. Here, we demonstrate integration of graphene on silicon photonic circuits and precise measurement of the optical absorption coefficient in a graphene/waveguide hybrid structure. A method based on Mach-Zehnder interferometry is employed to achieve high measurement precision and consistency, yielding a maximal value of absorption coefficient of 0.2 dB/μm when graphene is located directly on top of the waveguide. The averaged results obtained from a large number of samples agree with theoretical model utilizing the universal ac conductivity in graphene. Our work provides an important guide for the design and optimization of integrated graphene optoelectronic devices.
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42.82.Et Waveguides, couplers, and arrays
07.60.Ly Interferometers
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
42.15.Eq Optical system design
42.82.Bq Design and performance testing of integrated-optical systems

Propagation of light in serially coupled plasmonic nanowire dimer: Geometry dependence and polarization control

Danveer Singh, Mohit Raghuwanshi, and G. V. Pavan Kumar

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 111111 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4752718 (5 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 14 September 2012

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We experimentally studied plasmon-polariton-assisted light propagation in serially coupled silver nanowire (Ag-NW) dimers and probed their dependence on bending-angle between the nanowires and polarization of incident light. From the angle-dependence study, we observed that obtuse angles between the nanowires resulted in better transmission than acute angles. From the polarization studies, we inferred that light emission from junction and distal ends of Ag-NW dimers can be systematically controlled. Further, we applied this property to show light routing and polarization beam splitting in obtuse-angled Ag-NW dimer. The studied geometry can be an excellent test-bed for plasmonic circuitry.
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81.05.Bx Metals, semimetals, and alloys
81.07.Gf Nanowires
78.67.Uh Nanowires

Optical polarization properties of a nanowire quantum dot probed along perpendicular orientations

Gabriele Bulgarini, Michael E. Reimer, and Val Zwiller

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 111112 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4752453 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 14 September 2012

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We report on the optical properties of single quantum dots in nanowires probed along orthogonal directions. We address the same quantum dot from either the nanowire side or along the nanowire axis via reflection on a micro-prism. The collected photoluminescence intensity from nanowires lying on a substrate is improved 3-fold using the prism as compared to usual collection from the top. More importantly, we circumvent the polarizing effect of the nanowire and access the intrinsic polarization properties of the quantum emitter. Our technique is compatible with the design of complex nanowire devices for the development of quantum opto-electronics.
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78.67.Hc Quantum dots
81.07.Ta Quantum dots
78.67.Uh Nanowires
81.07.Gf Nanowires
78.55.Cr III-V semiconductors
78.66.Fd III-V semiconductors
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