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24 Sep 2012

Volume 101, Issue 13, Articles (13xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 133101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4752467 (5 pages)

Yen Husn Su and Wei-Yu Chen
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Charge transport in poly(3-hexylthiophene):CdSe nanocrystals hybrid thin films investigated with time-of-flight measurements

Elsa Couderc, Nicolas Bruyant, Angela Fiore, Frédéric Chandezon, David Djurado, Peter Reiss, and Jérôme Faure-Vincent

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 133301 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4749840 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 25 September 2012

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Charge carrier mobilities and transport dispersivity are studied in hybrid films composed of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and CdSe nanocrystals by the time-of-flight method, using a field range of 105–106 V/cm. It is found that charge transport parameters pass through an optimum for 75 wt. % (36 vol. %) of nanocrystals in the polymer matrix, yielding balanced hole and electron mobilities around 10−3 cm2/V s. Changing the nanocrystal shape from spherical to branched increases the intersite coupling disorder in the hybrid whereas changing the surface ligands from stearate/oleylamine to pyridine decreases it. Both these modifications have an impact on the electric field dependence of the measured mobilities.
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81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing
61.41.+e Polymers, elastomers, and plastics
73.61.Ga II-VI semiconductors
68.65.-k Low-dimensional, mesoscopic, nanoscale and other related systems: structure and nonelectronic properties
72.20.Fr Low-field transport and mobility; piezoresistance
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials
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White top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes employing tandem structure

Qiang Wang, Yonghua Chen, Jiangshan Chen, and Dongge Ma

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 133302 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4754828 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 25 September 2012

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A high-efficiency white top-emitting organic light-emitting diode (TOLED) is demonstrated by introducing tandem structure. The microcavity effects are used to finalize the configuration of the tandem white TOLED. The resultant tandem white TOLED emits a complementary-color white light with the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.39, 0.43) and the color-rendering index of 70, which retains high color stability towards driving voltage. The maximum forward viewing external quantum efficiency and current efficiency of the device are 16.9% and 41.1 cd/A, respectively. The employment of the tandem structure can be an alternative method to fabricate white TOLEDs for practical applications.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
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Highly flexible inverted organic solar cells with improved performance by using an ultrasmooth Ag cathode

Yue-Feng Liu, Jing Feng, Hai-Feng Cui, Da Yin, Jun-Feng Song, Qi-Dai Chen, and Hong-Bo Sun

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 133303 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4755774 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 26 September 2012

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Inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) with high efficiency and flexibility have been demonstrated. A thick Ag film with ultrasmooth morphology fabricated on a photopolymer substrate by template-stripping process and a semitransparent Ag film has been employed as cathode and anode of the top-illuminated OSCs, respectively. An improved performance has been obtained compared with that of the OSCs deposited on Si substrate due to the enhanced charge extraction and reduced charge loss resulted from the employment of the ultrasmooth cathode. Moreover, the flexible OSCs obtained by this method keep good performance under a small bending radius and after repeated bending.
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88.40.hj Efficiency and performance of solar cells
88.40.jr Organic photovoltaics
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The role of micro-shorts and electrode-film interface in the electrical transport of ultra-thin metallophthalocyanine capacitive devices

C. Monton, I. Valmianski, and Ivan K. Schuller

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 133304 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4755762 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 27 September 2012

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The transport properties of metallophthalocyanine thin films are important ingredients in many technological applications. Ohmic conductance of thin film (15 nm to 90 nm) Co-phthalocyanine (CoPc) capacitive devices has been investigated in the temperature range of 40 K to 300 K. For Pd and V electrodes, the electrode-film (E-F) interface and metallic micro-shorts contribute substantially to the conductance with decrease in CoPc layer thickness. A quantitative model which describes E-F interface, CoPc roughness, micro-shorts, and the exponential temperature and thickness dependence of conductance was developed. Parameters obtained from this model are in good quantitative agreement with independent measurements. The model predicts a 15-20 nm lower limit for capacitive device thickness, below which the conduction is mainly controlled by shorts. In this regime, small changes in mean CoPc thickness result in drastic variation in device conductance.
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85.30.-z Semiconductor devices
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High contrast tandem organic light emitting devices

Bao-Fu Ding, Xiao-Yuan Hou, and Kamal Alameh

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 133305 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4755784 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 27 September 2012

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A high contrast-ratio organic light emitting device (OLED) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The OLED is implemented by stacking two organic phase tuning (PT) layers between composite metal layers and optimizing their thicknesses. Such a tandem device can increase the current efficiency by 98%, and reduce the operating voltage by 1.04 V, in comparison to conventional high contrast OLEDs. Measured reflection spectra validate the high-contrast capability of the OLED, and demonstrate experimentally an average reflectivity of 6% under ambient light illumination. This is the lowest reflectivity reported to date for OLEDs employing organic phase tuning layers.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
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Top-gate staggered poly(3,3″′-dialkyl-quarterthiophene) organic thin-film transistors with reverse-offset-printed silver source/drain electrodes

Minseok Kim, Jae Bon Koo, Kang-Jun Baeg, Soon-Won Jung, Byeong-Kwon Ju, and In-Kyu You

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 133306 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4755878 (5 pages)

Online Publication Date: 27 September 2012

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Here, we report on high-performance top-gated poly(3,3″′-dialkyl-quarterthiophene) (PQT-12) organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with reverse-offset-printed (ROP) silver (Ag) source/drain (S/D) electrodes. OTFT devices with ROP S/D electrodes using Ag nanopaste show higher performance (∼0.01 cm2/Vs) than those fabricated by vacuum electron beam evaporation with conventional photolithography and a standard lift-off process (∼1 × 10−3 cm2/Vs). This dissimilarity is attributed to the higher work function (−4.9 eV) of the ROP Ag electrode due to AgO formation on the Ag surface during thermal annealing. This results in a low interfacial hole injection energy barrier between the S/D electrodes and the PQT-12 semiconductor.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
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