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1 Oct 2012

Volume 101, Issue 14, Articles (14xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 141101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4742864 (4 pages)

Po-Hsun Huang, Michael Ian Lapsley, Daniel Ahmed, Yuchao Chen, Lin Wang, and Tony Jun Huang
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Improved performances of polymer-based dielectric by using inorganic/organic core-shell nanoparticles

W. Benhadjala, I. Bord-Majek, L. Béchou, E. Suhir, M. Buet, F. Rougé, V. Gaud, B. Plano, and Y. Ousten

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 142901 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4756785 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 1 October 2012

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BaTiO3/hyperbranched polyester/methacrylate core-shell nanoparticles were studied by varying the shell thickness and the methacrylate ratio. We demonstrated that coalescence typically observed in traditional composites employing polymer matrices is significantly reduced. By modifying the shell thickness, the equivalent filler fraction was tuned from 7 wt. % to 41 wt. %. Obtained permittivities were compared with reported models for two-phase mixtures. The nonlinear behavior of the dielectric constant as a function of the equivalent filler fraction has been fitted with the Bruggeman equation. Methacrylate groups reduce by a decade the loss factor by improving nanoparticles adhesion. The permittivity reaching 85 at 1 kHz makes core-shell nanoparticles a promising material for embedded capacitors.
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77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)
77.22.Gm Dielectric loss and relaxation
61.46.Df Structure of nanocrystals and nanoparticles ("colloidal" quantum dots but not gate-isolated embedded quantum dots)

Inference of oxygen vacancies in hydrothermal Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3

Aoife O'Brien, David I. Woodward, Kripasindhu Sardar, Richard I. Walton, and Pam A. Thomas

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 142902 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4755882 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 1 October 2012

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A high-resolution x-ray powder diffraction study has been made of pseudo-rhombohedral and tetragonal phases in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT), produced via hydrothermal and conventional solid-state methods. Hydrothermal NBT exhibits significantly greater structural distortion at room temperature than solid-state NBT. Peak widths and superstructure peak intensities show a phase transition at ∼305 °C, with trends suggesting that the structure tends towards cubic symmetry at this temperature. Structural refinements indicate that the transition occurs via a phase coexistence region with no clear intermediate phase. Piezoelectric data show evidence of polarisation pinning in hydrothermal NBT, interpreted as a high proportion of oxygen vacancies.
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61.72.jd Vacancies
64.70.K- Solid-solid transitions
77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization
77.65.-j Piezoelectricity and electromechanical effects
81.10.Dn Growth from solutions
81.30.Hd Constant-composition solid-solid phase transformations: polymorphic, massive, and order-disorder

Leakage current mechanisms in high performance alumina-silicone nanolaminate dielectrics

S. K. Sahoo, R. P. Patel, and C. A. Wolden

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 142903 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4756788 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 2 October 2012

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Alumina-silicone nanolaminates deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition were explored as dielectrics in metal-insulator-metal capacitors. Temperature-dependent current versus voltage (I-V) measurements were used to investigate the conduction mechanisms contributing to the leakage current in these structures. It is observed that space charge limited current mechanism is the dominant conduction process in the high field region. The estimated shallow trap level energies (Et) are 0.16 eV and 0.33 eV for 50% and 83.3% Al2O3 nanolaminates, respectively.
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73.40.Rw Metal-insulator-metal structures
81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials
81.15.Gh Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced CVD, MOCVD, ALD, etc.)
84.32.Tt Capacitors

Colossal low-frequency resonant magnetomechanical and magnetoelectric effects in a three-phase ferromagnetic/elastic/piezoelectric composite

Guoxi Liu, Xiaotian Li, Jianguo Chen, Huaduo Shi, Wenlei Xiao, and Shuxiang Dong

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 142904 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4756919 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 2 October 2012

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Colossal low-frequency resonant magnetomechanical (MM) and magnetoelectric (ME) coupling effects have been found in a three-phase composite made of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramic fibers/phosphor copper-sheet unimorph and NdFeB magnets. The experimental results revealed that the ferromagnetic/elastic/piezoelectric three-phase composite with a cantilever beam structure could show huge bending MM coefficient of ∼145.9 × 10−3/Oe (unit in bending radian per Oe) and ME voltage coefficient of ∼16 000 V/cm·Oe at the first-order bending resonance frequency of ∼5 Hz. The achieved results related to ME effect are at least one order of magnitude higher over those of other ME materials and devices reported ever. The extremely strong MM and ME couplings in the three-phase composite are due to strong magnetic force moment effect induced by the interaction between NdFeB magnets and the applied magnetic field, and further resonant enhancement via the strain-mediated phosphor copper-sheet with a relatively high mechanical quality factor.
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75.80.+q Magnetomechanical effects, magnetostriction
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
62.20.F- Deformation and plasticity
75.85.+t Magnetoelectric effects, multiferroics
75.30.Cr Saturation moments and magnetic susceptibilities
75.70.Cn Magnetic properties of interfaces (multilayers, superlattices, heterostructures)

Nanoscale ferroelectric tunnel junctions based on ultrathin BaTiO3 film and Ag nanoelectrodes

X. S. Gao, J. M. Liu, K. Au, and J. Y. Dai

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 142905 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4756918 (5 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 3 October 2012

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In this work, Ag nanoisland electrodes (nanoelectrodes) have been deposited on top of ultrathin ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BTO) films to form a nanoscale metal-ferroelectric-metal tunnel junction by integrating growth techniques of nanocluster beam source and laser-molecular beam epitaxy. The ultrathin BTO films (∼3 nm thick) exhibit both apparent ferroelectric polarization reversal and ferroelectric tunneling related resistive switching behaviors. The introducing of Ag nanoislands (∼20 nm in diameter) as top electrode substantially enhances the tunneling current and alters the symmetry of I-V hysteresis curves. The enhanced tunneling current is likely due to the reduction in tunneling barrier height and an increase in effective tunneling area by Ag nano-electrodes, while the improved symmetric in I-V curve may be attributed to the variation of electrode-oxide contact geometry.
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73.40.Gk Tunneling
77.80.-e Ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity
82.45.-h Electrochemistry and electrophoresis
77.55.fe BaTiO3-based films
42.62.-b Laser applications
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials

Minimum domain size and stability in carbon nanotube-ferroelectric devices

C. Blaser and P. Paruch

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 142906 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4757880 (5 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 5 October 2012

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Ferroelectric domain switching in c-axis-oriented epitaxial Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 thin films was studied using different field geometries and compared to numerical simulations and theoretical predictions. With carbon nanotubes as electrodes, continuous nanodomains as small as 9 nm in radius in a 270 nm thick film could be switched, remaining stable for over 20 months. Defect pinning of domain walls appears to play a key role in stabilizing such domains, below the predicted thermodynamic size limit.
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77.84.-s Dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and antiferroelectric materials
85.35.Kt Nanotube devices
02.60.-x Numerical approximation and analysis
77.80.-e Ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity
77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
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