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29 Oct 2012

Volume 101, Issue 18, Articles (18xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 183101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4761935 (4 pages)

S. J. Kim, J. J. Lee, H. J. Kang, J. B. Choi, Y.-S. Yu, Y. Takahashi, and D. G. Hasko
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Shock-induced intermediate-range structural change of SiO2 glass in the nonlinear elastic region

K. Ichiyanagi, N. Kawai, S. Nozawa, T. Sato, A. Tomita, M. Hoshino, K. G. Nakamura, S. Adachi, and Y. C. Sasaki

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 181901 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4764526 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 October 2012

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We study shock compressed fused quartz in the nonlinear elastic region using single-shot time-resolved x-ray scattering measurements. The first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) of fused quartz shifts to the high Q region under shock compression. In contrast, the short-range order structure does not change around 3.5 GPa. The nanosecond FSDP shift provides clear evidence of intermediate-range order structural changes in the nonlinear elastic region. Because the intermediate-order structure is too short to produce the final structural state in the nonlinear elastic region, the FSDP shift is lower compared with hydrostatic experiments.
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64.70.kj Glasses
61.43.Fs Glasses
78.70.Ck X-ray scattering
81.40.Jj Elasticity and anelasticity, stress-strain relations
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
62.20.F- Deformation and plasticity

Mechanical and thermal behaviors of nitrogen-doped Zr-Cu-Al-Ag-Ta––An alternative class of thin film metallic glass

Pao-Sheng Chen, Hsien-Wei Chen, Jenq-Gong Duh, Jyh-Wei Lee, and Jason Shian-Ching Jang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 181902 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4759035 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 October 2012

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Super-plasticity and nano-scale surface roughness make thin film metallic glass (TFMG) a candidate for master mold of micro/nano imprint technique. Meanwhile, better mechanical properties of TFMG undoubtedly expand the life time of master mold. In this study, nitrogen is doped into Zr-based TFMG to exhibit the hardness higher than 10 GPa. Different from elements used to be doped into metallic glass, the role of nitrogen atoms plays in metallic glass is distinct and vital owing to its strong electronegativity. From the correlation of thermal and mechanical behavior, the role and effect of nitrogen in Ta-Zr-Cu-Al-Ag TFMG is discussed and proposed.
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81.40.Np Fatigue, corrosion fatigue, embrittlement, cracking, fracture, and failure
62.20.Qp Friction, tribology, and hardness
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
65.60.+a Thermal properties of amorphous solids and glasses: heat capacity, thermal expansion, etc.
68.60.Dv Thermal stability; thermal effects
68.60.Bs Mechanical and acoustical properties

Large area orientation films based on graphene oxide self-assembly and low-temperature thermal reduction

Yongan Niu, Jiupeng Zhao, Xin Zhang, Xianjie Wang, Jie Wu, Yang Li, and Yao Li

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 181903 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4764549 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 October 2012

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Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) have many outstanding physical and mechanical properties. Uniform and thickness controllable RGO films with large area were prepared by evaporation-induced self-assembly at a liquid/air interface on glass substrates in combination with low temperature thermal reduction at 200 °C. This process has the advantage of good compatibility with flexible and non-flexible substrates. The films are of centimeter scale and their thickness can be controlled. The structural evolution was characterized. The obtained thermal RGO films exhibit excellent optical properties, a high elastic modulus of 76.18 GPa, and a hardness of 6.89 GPa.
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81.05.ub Fullerenes and related materials
78.66.Tr Fullerenes and related materials
81.40.Jj Elasticity and anelasticity, stress-strain relations
81.40.Np Fatigue, corrosion fatigue, embrittlement, cracking, fracture, and failure
61.48.-c Structure of fullerenes and related hollow and planar molecular structures
68.55.ap Fullerenes

Ion implantation induced modification of optical properties in single-crystal diamond studied by coherent acoustic phonon spectroscopy

Justin Gregory, Andrew Steigerwald, Hiroaki Takahashi, Anthony Hmelo, and Norman Tolk

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 181904 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4765647 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 1 November 2012

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Single-crystal CVD diamond specimens were implanted with 1-MeV He+ ions at fluences ranging from 1014 to 1016 cm−2 and analyzed using coherent acoustic phonon spectroscopy. The coherent acoustic phonon response varies greatly with implantation fluence and provides depth-dependent information about the implantation defect-induced modification of diamond's optical characteristics. The results indicate an increase in the real and imaginary refractive index, as well as a sign reversal of the photoelastic coefficients at higher levels of implantation damage. These studies provide insight into the application of ion implantation to the fabrication of diamond-based photonic devices.
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78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)
61.72.up Other materials
63.20.dd Measurements
78.20.hb Piezo-optical, elasto-optical, acousto-optical, and photoelastic effects

Deformation mechanism of nanoporous materials upon water freezing and melting

Maxim Erko, Dirk Wallacher, and Oskar Paris

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 181905 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4764536 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 1 November 2012

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Temperature-induced non-monotonous reversible deformation of water-filled nanoporous silica materials is investigated experimentally using in-situ small-angle x-ray scattering. The influence of freezing and melting in the nanopores on this deformation is treated quantitatively by introducing a simple model based on the Gibbs-Thomson equation and a generalized Laplace-pressure. The physical origin of the melting/freezing induced pore lattice deformation is found to be exactly the same as for capillary condensation/evaporation, namely the curved phase boundary due to the preferred wetting of the pore walls by the liquid phase. As a practical implication, elastic properties of the nanoporous framework can be determined from the temperature-deformation curves.
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81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
62.20.D- Elasticity
62.20.F- Deformation and plasticity
64.70.dj Melting of specific substances
78.70.Ck X-ray scattering
81.40.Jj Elasticity and anelasticity, stress-strain relations

Fluid like behavior of oxygen in cubic zirconia under extreme conditions

Amit Samanta and S. B. Zhang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 181906 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4762826 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 1 November 2012

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Using atomistic simulations, we analyze the defect chemistry and ionic mobility in the high temperature cubic phase of zirconia to gain insights into the stability of the zirconia lattice. In the temperature range of 2600-2980 K, we find anionic defects can occupy a significant fraction of the total anionic sites. In cognizance with the fact that these defects have low diffusion barriers, we conclude that the anionic sub-lattice is highly mobile and is fluid-like at these temperatures.
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66.30.Lw Diffusion of other defects

Organic hydrogen gas sensor with palladium-coated β-phase poly(vinylidene fluoride) thin films

Yuji Imai, Yasuo Kimura, and Michio Niwano

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 181907 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4764064 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 1 November 2012

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We have proposed an organic hydrogen gas sensor in which palladium (Pd)-coated β-phase poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films are utilized. Volume expansion of the Pd thin film caused by absorption of hydrogen gas is monitored by a piezoelectric thin film of PVDF attached to the Pd films. We have developed a simple method of synthesizing β-phase PVDF films from α-phase PVDF powder by using a wet process in which a mixture of acetone and hexamethylphosphoric triamide is used as the solvent for the PVDF powder. The sensor works by itself at room temperature without a power source.
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07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
82.80.-d Chemical analysis and related physical methods of analysis

An unusual variation of stability and hardness in molybdenum borides

Yongcheng Liang, Xun Yuan, Zhao Fu, Yuan Li, and Zheng Zhong

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 181908 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4764547 (5 pages)

Online Publication Date: 2 November 2012

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Molybdenum borides are currently raising great expectations for superhard materials, but their crystal structures and mechanical behaviors are still under discussion. Here, we report an unexpected reduction of stability and hardness from porous hP16-MoB3 and hR18-MoB2 to dense hP20-MoB4 and hR21-Mo2B5, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this anomalous variation has its electronic origin. These findings not only manifest that the long-recognized hP20-MoB4 (hP3-MoB2) and hR21-Mo2B5 should be hP16-MoB3 and hR18-MoB2, respectively, but also challenge the general design principle for ultrahard materials only pursuing the dense transition-metal borides with high boron content.
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61.66.Fn Inorganic compounds
62.20.Qp Friction, tribology, and hardness
81.40.Np Fatigue, corrosion fatigue, embrittlement, cracking, fracture, and failure
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