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24 Dec 2012

Volume 101, Issue 26, Articles (26xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 263501 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4772532 (4 pages)

Youngki Yoon and Sayeef Salahuddin
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Molecular orientation and photoswitching kinetics on single-walled carbon nanotubes by optical second harmonic generation

David J. McGee, Changshui Huang, Myungwoong Kim, Jonathan W. Choi, Mark A. Eriksson, and Padma Gopalan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 264101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4772786 (5 pages)

Online Publication Date: 26 December 2012

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Electrical conduction through chromophore-functionalized nanotubes can be modulated by light with wavelengths expected to isomerize the chromophores. Here, we use second harmonic generation to directly measure the orientation and photoisomerization kinetics of azo-benzene chromophores on single-walled carbon nanotubes. We find a net chromophore orientation with an average chromophore tilt angle of 40° ± 3°. We show that this angle can be reduced effectively to zero with an applied corona field. Periodic illumination with unpolarized 495 nm light induces reversible trans-cis switching, enabling the extraction of switching time scales both with and without an applied electric field.
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82.50.Hp Processes caused by visible and UV light
82.30.Qt Isomerization and rearrangement

Experimental techniques for imaging and measuring transient vapor nanobubbles

E. Y. Lukianova-Hleb and D. O. Lapotko

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 264102 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4772958 (5 pages)

Online Publication Date: 26 December 2012

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Imaging and measuring transient vapor bubbles at nanoscale pose certain experimental challenges due to their reduced dimensions and lifetimes, especially in a single event experiment. Here, we analyze three techniques that employ optical scattering and acoustic detection in identifying and quantifying individual photothermally induced vapor nanobubbles (NBs) at a wide range of excitation energies. In optically transparent media, the best quantitative detection can be achieved by measuring the duration of the optical scattering time-response, while in an opaque media, the amplitude of the acoustic time-response well describes NBs in the absence of stress waves.
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64.70.fh Boiling and bubble dynamics
42.25.Fx Diffraction and scattering
43.25.Yw Nonlinear acoustics of bubbly liquids
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials

Atmospheric-pressure guided streamers for liposomal membrane disruption

P. Svarnas, S. H. Matrali, K. Gazeli, Sp. Aleiferis, F. Clément, and S. G. Antimisiaris

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 264103 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4773201 (5 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 26 December 2012

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The potential to use liposomes (LIPs) as a cellular model in order to study interactions of cold atmospheric-pressure plasma with cells is herein investigated. Cold atmospheric-pressure plasma is formed by a dielectric-barrier discharge reactor. Large multilamellar vesicle liposomes, consisted of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol, are prepared by the thin film hydration technique, to encapsulate a small hydrophilic dye, i.e., calcein. The plasma-induced release of calcein from liposomes is then used as a measure of liposome membrane integrity and, consequently, interaction between the cold atmospheric plasma and lipid bilayers. Physical mechanisms leading to membrane disruption are suggested, based on the plasma characterization including gas temperature calculation.
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87.16.D- Membranes, bilayers, and vesicles
52.50.Dg Plasma sources
52.77.-j Plasma applications
52.80.-s Electric discharges
82.30.-b Specific chemical reactions; reaction mechanisms

Scaling the dynamic response and energy harvesting potential of piezoelectric beams

Deniz Tolga Akcabay and Yin Lu Young

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 264104 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4773210 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 26 December 2012

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This work presents dynamic scaling relations for the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) response and energy harvesting potential of fluttering piezoelectric beams. The results show that it is difficult to find a model-sized material to satisfy all the scaling relations using Reynolds scaling. Mach scaling, which does not imply that flow compressibility is important, but simply requires the same inflow speed and operating fluid, allows the same material as full-scale to be used; this enables the model to emulate similar FSI response, energy harvesting potential, and material failure mechanisms, if both the model and full-scale operate at sufficiently high Reynolds numbers (≥1000).
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84.60.Bk Performance characteristics of energy conversion systems; figure of merit
77.65.-j Piezoelectricity and electromechanical effects

Coherent microwave radiation from a laser induced plasma

M. N. Shneider and R. B. Miles

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 264105 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4773240 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2012

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We propose a method for generation of coherent monochromatic microwave/terahertz radiation from a laser-induced plasma. It is shown that small-scale plasma, located in the interaction region of two co-propagating plane-polarized laser beams, can be a source of the dipole radiation at a frequency equal to the difference between the frequencies of the lasers. This radiation is coherent and appears as a result of the so-called optical mixing in plasma.
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52.50.Jm Plasma production and heating by laser beams (laser-foil, laser-cluster, etc.)
52.35.Hr Electromagnetic waves (e.g., electron-cyclotron, Whistler, Bernstein, upper hybrid, lower hybrid)

Radiofrequency plasma antenna generated by femtosecond laser filaments in air

Y. Brelet, A. Houard, G. Point, B. Prade, L. Arantchouk, J. Carbonnel, Y.-B. André, M. Pellet, and A. Mysyrowicz

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 264106 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4773492 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2012

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We demonstrate tunable radiofrequency emission from a meter-long linear plasma column produced in air at atmospheric pressure. A short-lived plasma column is initially produced by femtosecond filamentation and subsequently converted into a long-lived discharge column by application of an external high voltage field. Radiofrequency excitation is fed to the plasma by induction and detected remotely as electromagnetic radiation by a classical antenna.
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52.25.Os Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation
52.40.Fd Plasma interactions with antennas; plasma-filled waveguides
52.50.Dg Plasma sources
52.80.Pi High-frequency and RF discharges
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