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9 Jul 2012

Volume 101, Issue 2, Articles (02xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 023101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4731792 (4 pages)

Feng Wang, Ayan Chakrabarty, Fred Minkowski, Kai Sun, and Qi-Huo Wei
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Femtosecond laser-induced asymmetric large scale waves on gold surfaces

Taek Yong Hwang and Chunlei Guo

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 021901 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4733968 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 9 July 2012

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With femtosecond (fs) pulse irradiation, we investigate the morphological evolution of a unique type of fs laser-induced periodic surface structure, called nanostructure-covered large scale waves (NC-LSWs), covered by iterating stripe patterns of nanostructures and microstructures with a period of tens of microns. By monitoring the morphological profile of NC-LSWs following fs laser heating of Au, we show that the NC-LSWs are highly asymmetrically formed and propagate on a gold surface. We believe that the selective laser ablation of Au surface and the subsequent mass transfer of liquid Au following nonuniform energy deposition result in the asymmetric NC-LSW propagation on metals.
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81.05.Bx Metals, semimetals, and alloys
81.65.-b Surface treatments
79.20.Eb Laser ablation
68.35.bd Metals and alloys
61.82.Bg Metals and alloys
61.80.Ba Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation effects (including laser radiation)

Atomic and electronic structures of Zr-(Co,Ni,Cu)-Al metallic glasses

C. C. Yuan, X. Shen, J. Cui, L. Gu, R. C. Yu, and X. K. Xi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 021902 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4734390 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 10 July 2012

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The atomic and electronic structures of transition metal-metalloid based Zr60Co(Ni,Cu)28Al12 bulk metallic glasses (MGs) are probed by 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The magnitude and evolution of 27Al isotropic shifts indicate that the Fermi level moves toward a minimum upon transition metal 3d sub-band filling and provides experimental evidence for pd hybridization bonding mechanism, which is further supported by the observation of Co L23 edges, and the prepeaks near Al L23 and K edges in electron energy loss spectroscopy. This investigation provides insight into the bonding mechanisms in MGs, which are relevant for understanding of their mechanical behaviors.
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71.23.Cq Amorphous semiconductors, metallic glasses, glasses
76.60.Cq Chemical and Knight shifts
79.20.Uv Electron energy loss spectroscopy
61.43.Fs Glasses
62.20.-x Mechanical properties of solids

A structural viscosity model for magnetorheology

Claudio L. A. Berli and Juan de Vicente

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 021903 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4734504 (4 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 11 July 2012

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A structural viscosity model is proposed, which describes the shear viscosity from the balance between build up (magnetic field-induced clustering) and breakdown (shear-induced breakup) of particle aggregates. The model accounts for typical deviations from Bingham model predictions that are extensively reported in the MR literature. More precisely, the model (i) provides a physical ground for the observed Casson-like shear flow behaviour, (ii) predicts the existence of a low shear plateau in weak MR fluids, and (iii) asymptotically recovers the typical Bingham-like behavior that is observed in (strong) conventional MR fluids at experimentally accessible times.
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47.65.Cb Magnetic fluids and ferrofluids
47.50.Cd Modeling

Determination of the thermal conductivity tensor of the n = 7 Aurivillius phase Sr4Bi4Ti7O24

M. A. Zurbuchen, D. G. Cahill, J. Schubert, Y. Jia, and D. G. Schlom

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 021904 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4733616 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 11 July 2012

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A challenge in the preparation of advanced materials that exist only as thin films is to establish their properties, particularly when the materials are of low symmetry or the tensor properties of interest are of high rank. Using Sr4Bi4Ti7O24 as an example, we show how the preparation of oriented epitaxial films of multiple orientations enables the thermal conductivity tensor of this tetragonal material with a c-axis length of 64.7 Å to be measured. The thermal conductivity tensor coefficients k33 = 1.10 W m−1 K−1 and k11 = k22 = 1.80 W m−1 K−1 were determined by growing epitaxial Sr4Bi4Ti7O24 films on (100), (110), and (111) SrTiO3 substrates.
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66.70.-f Nonelectronic thermal conduction and heat-pulse propagation in solids; thermal waves
68.55.at Other materials
81.15.Fg Pulsed laser ablation deposition

Bonding and diffusion of nitrogen in the InSbN alloys fabricated by two-step ion implantation

Y. Wang, D. H. Zhang, X. Z. Chen, Y. J. Jin, J. H. Li, C. J. Liu, A. T. S. Wee, Sam Zhang, and A. Ramam

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 021905 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4734507 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 12 July 2012

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We report bonding and diffusion behavior of nitrogen incorporated into InSb wafer by two-step implantation. Three nitrogen-containing regions, i.e., a surface accumulation region, a uniform region, and a tail region, were observed in the samples after post annealing. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements at different depths reveal that majority of the nitrogen forms In-N bonds in the uniform region but exists as interstitial defects in the tail region. The diffusion coefficients of nitrogen in InSb were obtained by fitting the modified Fick’s law with experimental data and the activation energy of 0.55 ± 0.04 eV extracted confirms the interstitial dominating diffusion of nitrogen in the InSb wafer.
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66.30.J- Diffusion of impurities
79.60.Bm Clean metal, semiconductor, and insulator surfaces
81.05.Hd Other semiconductors
61.72.jj Interstitials
61.72.sh Impurity distribution
61.72.up Other materials

Strain induced phase transition in CdSe nanowires: Effect of size and temperature

Taraknath Mandal

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 021906 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4734990 (4 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 12 July 2012

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Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation, we have studied the effect of size and temperature on the strain induced phase transition of wurtzite CdSe nanowires. The wurtzite structure transforms into a five-fold coordinated structure under uniaxial strain along the c axis. Our results show that lower temperature and smaller size of the nanowires stabilize the five-fold coordinated phase which is not a stable structure in bulk CdSe. High reversibility of this transformation with a very small heat loss will make these nanowires suitable for building efficient nanodevices.
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81.30.Hd Constant-composition solid-solid phase transformations: polymorphic, massive, and order-disorder
61.46.Km Structure of nanowires and nanorods (long, free or loosely attached, quantum wires and quantum rods, but not gate-isolated embedded quantum wires)
64.70.kg Semiconductors
81.07.Gf Nanowires
64.70.Nd Structural transitions in nanoscale materials

Epitaxial strain-induced changes in the cation distribution and resistivity of Fe-doped CoFe2O4

J. A. Moyer, D. P. Kumah, C. A. F. Vaz, D. A. Arena, and V. E. Henrich

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 021907 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4735233 (4 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 12 July 2012

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The distribution of cations in Fe-doped cobalt ferrite (Co1−xFe2+xO4) is investigated as a function of epitaxial strain through x-ray absorption measurements of samples grown on SrTiO3, MgO, and CoCr2O4-buffered MgAl2O4 (001). In agreement with recent theoretical calculations, compressive (tensile) strain results in the films having a larger (smaller) degree of cation inversion for iron doping levels up to x = 0.62. Measurements of the resistivity further conclude that the degree of cation inversion has a direct effect on the size of the bandgap for stoichiometric CoFe2O4, an effect that is reduced as the iron doping level is increased.
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68.60.Bs Mechanical and acoustical properties
73.61.Ng Insulators
78.70.Dm X-ray absorption spectra
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
61.72.up Other materials
62.20.F- Deformation and plasticity

Estimating the pressure of laser-induced plasma shockwave by stimulated Raman shift of lattice translational modes

Zhanlong Li, Xiaoning Shan, Zuowei Li, Junsheng Cao, Mi Zhou, Yiding Wang, Zhiwei Men, and Chenglin Sun

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 021908 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4736410 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 13 July 2012

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The current paper investigates stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) when laser-induced plasma is formed in heavy water by focusing an intense pulsed 532 nm Nd:YAG laser beam at room temperature. An unexpected low-frequency SRS line attributed to the lattice translational modes of ice-VII (D2O) is observed. The pressure of the plasma shockwave is estimated using low-frequency SRS line shift.
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52.35.Tc Shock waves and discontinuities
52.38.Bv Rayleigh scattering; stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattering
52.50.Jm Plasma production and heating by laser beams (laser-foil, laser-cluster, etc.)
52.70.Kz Optical (ultraviolet, visible, infrared) measurements
52.25.Os Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation

Atomic packing and short to medium range order in a U-Fe metallic glass

Y. Zhang, N. Mattern, T. X. Liang, Q. Huang, and J. Eckert

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 021909 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4736563 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 13 July 2012

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The atomic structure of the U85.7Fe14.3 metallic glasses is studied in terms of topological short range order, chemical short range order and medium range order using reverse Monte Carlo simulations. The existence of solute-centered clusters and Fe-enriched clusters clearly demonstrates a strong chemical short range order in both glasses. Two major types of medium range order are detected, one is the Fe-enriched super-clusters and the other is the close packing of the solute-centered clusters. Nevertheless, no existing model can be employed to fully describe the medium range order in U-based metallic glasses, indicating the structural complexity of these metallic glasses.
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61.43.Fs Glasses

Transmission enhancement of acoustic waves through a thin hard plate embedded with elastic inclusions

Rui Hao, Chunyin Qiu, Yangtao Ye, Chunhui Li, Han Jia, Manzhu Ke, and Zhengyou Liu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 021910 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4736564 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 13 July 2012

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We study the transmission response of acoustic waves through a water-immersed thin hard plate embedded with elastic inclusions. The transmission spectra show a striking peak at the subwavelength region, whose position is almost irrelevant with the incident angle. Our study states that the transmission enhancement stems from the resonant excitation of the localized bending mode in the inclusion. Different from the well-known Fabry-Perot effect, here the resonant frequency reduces rapidly as the sample is thinned down. The theory is further validated by experiment. Potential applications of the abnormal transmission effect produced by such thin plate structures can be anticipated.
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43.20.Gp Reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, and scattering of elastic and poroelastic waves
46.40.Cd Mechanical wave propagation (including diffraction, scattering, and dispersion)
62.65.+k Acoustical properties of solids

A thermophone on porous polymeric substrate

G. Chitnis, A. Kim, S. H. Song, A. M. Jessop, J. S. Bolton, and B. Ziaie

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 021911 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4737005 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 13 July 2012

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In this Letter, we present a simple, low-temperature method for fabricating a wide-band (>80 kHz) thermo-acoustic sound generator on a porous polymeric substrate. We were able to achieve up to 80 dB of sound pressure level with an input power of 0.511 W. No significant surface temperature increase was observed in the device even at an input power level of 2.5 W. Wide-band ultrasonic performance, simplicity of structure, and scalability of the fabrication process make this device suitable for many ranging and imaging applications.
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43.38.-p Transduction; acoustical devices for the generation and reproduction of sound
43.35.Ud Thermoacoustics, high temperature acoustics, photoacoustic effect
43.35.Yb Ultrasonic instrumentation and measurement techniques
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