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6 Aug 2012

Volume 101, Issue 6, Articles (06xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 062401 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4730997 (4 pages)

Mahdi Jamali, Kulothungasagaran Narayanapillai, Jae Hyun Kwon, and Hyunsoo Yang
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Directional motion of evaporating droplets on gradient surfaces

Li Xu, Zhigang Li, and Shuhuai Yao

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 064101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4742860 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 6 August 2012

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Evaporation of sessile water droplets on surfaces with wettability gradients was studied. The wettability gradient was generated by fabricating non-uniformly distributed cylindrical micropillars on silicon surfaces. During the evaporation, it was found that the center of mass of the droplet moved either in or against the direction of the wettability gradient, depending on the configuration of the micropillars. An energy-based theoretical criterion was derived to predict the moving direction. The theoretical predications agreed well with the experimental observations. The results provide a parametric design basis to control the contact line dynamics and directional transport of evaporating droplets.
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68.03.Fg Evaporation and condensation of liquids
68.08.Bc Wetting

Control of graphene nanoribbon vacancies by Fe and N dopants: Implications for catalysis

E. F. Holby and C. D. Taylor

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 064102 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4742890 (4 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 6 August 2012

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Theoretical calculations were performed to determine the edge effects governing structural and thermodynamic properties of vacancies, N-terminated (pyridinic) vacancies, and Fe/defect complexes in graphene nanoribbons. Fe and N coordinate with vacancies, changing their structure and preferentially stabilizing edge states and thereby facilitating the enhanced accessibility of reactants to potential catalytically active sites. Doping with either N or Fe also has the thermodynamic effect of lowering vacancy formation energies, thus, providing for an enhanced equilibrium concentration of reactive defect states in the graphene nanoribbons.
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61.48.Gh Structure of graphene
65.80.Ck Thermal properties of graphene
71.55.Ht Other nonmetals
82.60.Cx Enthalpies of combustion, reaction, and formation
61.72.jd Vacancies
61.72.up Other materials

Reduced thermal conductivity of isotopically modulated silicon multilayer structures

H. Bracht, N. Wehmeier, S. Eon, A. Plech, D. Issenmann, J. Lundsgaard Hansen, A. Nylandsted Larsen, J. W. Ager,  III, and E. E. Haller

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 064103 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4742922 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 7 August 2012

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We report measurements of the thermal conductivity of isotopically modulated silicon that consists of alternating layers of highly enriched silicon-28 and silicon-29. A reduced thermal conductivity of the isotopically modulated silicon compared to natural silicon was measured by means of time-resolved x-ray scattering. Comparison of the experimental results to numerical solutions of the corresponding heat diffusion equations reveals a factor of three lower thermal conductivity of the isotope structure compared to natural Si. Our results demonstrate that the thermal conductivity of silicon can be effectively reduced with isotopically modulated structures. This offers a promising approach to optimize silicon for thermoelectric applications.
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66.70.Df Metals, alloys, and semiconductors
78.47.D- Time resolved spectroscopy (>1 psec)
68.65.Ac Multilayers
78.70.Ck X-ray scattering

Tunable time-reversal cavity for high-pressure ultrasonic pulses generation: A tradeoff between transmission and time compression

Bastien Arnal, Mathieu Pernot, Mathias Fink, and Mickael Tanter

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 064104 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4742930 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 7 August 2012

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This Letter presents a time reversal cavity that has both a high reverberation time and a good transmission factor. A multiple scattering medium has been embedded inside a fluid-filled reverberating cavity. This allows creating smart ultrasonic sources able to generate very high pressure pulses at the focus outside the cavity with large steering capabilities. Experiments demonstrate a 25 dB gain in pressure at the focus. This concept will enable us to convert conventional ultrasonic imaging probes driven by low power electronics into high power probes for therapeutic applications requiring high pressure focused pulses, such as histotripsy or lithotripsy.
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87.63.D- Ultrasonography
43.35.-c Ultrasonics, quantum acoustics, and physical effects of sound
43.38.-p Transduction; acoustical devices for the generation and reproduction of sound
43.80.Qf Medical diagnosis with acoustics

A capacitor-loaded cylindrical resonant coil with parallel connection

Kyoung-Sub Oh, Wang-Sang Lee, Won-Seok Lee, and Jong-Won Yu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 064105 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4744959 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 7 August 2012

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A capacitor-loaded cylindrical resonant coil with parallel connection for high effective wireless power transfer is presented. The characteristics of the proposed resonant coil are verified by the comparisons among the theoretical analysis, simulation results, and experimental measurements. By controlling the current in the capacitor-loaded resonant coil, the non-degraded overall transfer efficiency between the transmitting and receiving resonant coils can be improved up to 43% compared to the cylindrical coil regardless of the locations of the receiving coil at the transfer distance.
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84.32.Hh Inductors and coils; wiring
84.32.Tt Capacitors

Exploiting metallic glasses for 19.6% efficient back contact solar cell

Suk Jun Kim, Se Yun Kim, Jin Man Park, Jung Na Heo, Jun Ho Lee, Sang Mock Lee, Do Hyang Kim, Won Tae Kim, Ka Ram Lim, Donghwan Kim, Sung Chan Park, Hyoeng Ki Kim, Min Chul Song, Jucheol Park, Sang Soo Jee, et al.

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 064106 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4742324 (4 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 7 August 2012

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An interdigitated back contact silicon solar cell with conversion efficiency of 19.6% was fabricated by screen-printing the Ag paste. In the Ag paste, oxide glass frits were totally replaced by Al85Ni5Y8Co2, Al-based metallic glass (MG) ones. The thermoplastic forming of the MG in the super cooled liquid region led to large contact area at the interface between Ag electrodes and Si layers and thus to specific contact resistance (ρc) as low as 0.86 mΩ cm2. The specific contact resistance was a function of both contact area and thickness of the interlayer formed at the interface working as a tunneling barrier.
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88.40.H- Solar cells (photovoltaics)

A silicon 〈111〉 phase retarder for producing circularly polarized x-rays in the 2.1-3 keV energy range

Laurence Bouchenoire, Richard J. H. Morris, and Thomas P. A. Hase

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 064107 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4740080 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 8 August 2012

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Circularly polarized synchrotron light is routinely used to study different material properties but is difficult to generate reproducibly below 3.1 keV. We present data from a 5 μm Si 〈111〉 phase retarder (PR) designed to operate in the 2.1 to 3 keV energy range. Measurements were performed at the Pd L3 edge to enable direct comparison with a conventional diamond PR. The degree of circular polarization was ascertained indirectly by recording the resonant specular reflectivity from a [Fe(2 ML)/Pd(15 ML)]×20 multilayer. Our findings show that such a device can be used to extend the usable energy capability of PR technology down to 2.1 keV.
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07.85.-m X- and γ-ray instruments
42.79.Ci Filters, zone plates, and polarizers
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