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13 Aug 2012

Volume 101, Issue 7, Articles (07xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 071104 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4742749 (4 pages)

Judson D. Ryckman and S. M. Weiss
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An oscillation-free actuation of fluidic lens for optical beam control

Yiin-Kuen Fuh (傅尹坤), Wei-Chi Huang (黃維麒), Ying-Sheng Lee (李瀛生), and Shyong Lee (李雄)

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 071901 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4745771 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 13 August 2012

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We demonstrate an oscillation-free implementation of an optical beam control device with reconfigurable fluidic lens. In the activation state, the incident light passing through the interfacing medium (water or air) is diverged by the deformed plano-concave fluidic lens, resulting in a dark state. In the non-activation state, the elastic membrane recovers to its original state of the flat interface—this has the effect of transmitting the incident light and opening the switch. We also demonstrated a white-light switch with tunable response times ranging from 50 ms to 200 ms. The actuation mechanism has tremendous potential in light shutters, variable optical attenuators, and displays.
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42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors
42.65.Pc Optical bistability, multistability, and switching, including local field effects

Epitaxial growth and metal-insulator transition of vanadium oxide thin films with controllable phases

Y. D. Ji, T. S. Pan, Z. Bi, W. Z. Liang, Y. Zhang, H. Z. Zeng, Q. Y. Wen, H. W. Zhang, C. L. Chen, Q. X. Jia, and Y. Lin

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 071902 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4745843 (5 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 13 August 2012

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Vanadium oxide thin films with well controlled phases such as rhombohedra V2O3 and monoclinic VO2 were synthesized on Al2O3 (0001) substrates by optimizing the processing parameters of a polymer assisted deposition technique. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that both V2O3 and VO2 films can be well controlled with good epitaxial quality. The temperature dependency of electrical resistivity demonstrated sharp metal-insulator transitions (MITs) for V2O3 and VO2 films. The crystallinity and the strains in the films are believed to play critical roles in determining the MIT properties.
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68.55.at Other materials
71.30.+h Metal-insulator transitions and other electronic transitions

Plasmon-induced near-infrared electrochromism based on transparent conducting nanoparticles: Approximate performance limits

S.-Y. Li, G. A. Niklasson, and C. G. Granqvist

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 071903 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4739792 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 14 August 2012

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Electrochromism can be induced in electrochemically post-treated nanoparticles of wide band gap transparent conductors. We model this recently observed phenomenon by effective medium theory applied to nanoparticles of In2O3:Sn, which are represented as a free-electron plasma with tin ions screened according to the random phase approximation corrected for electron exchange. This semi-quantitative theory is used to derive approximate performance limits showing that high luminous transmittance (e.g., 60%) can be combined with efficient absorption of solar energy and concomitant low solar transmittance (∼34%), thereby documenting that plasmonic electrochromism is of interest for energy efficient fenestration.
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78.67.Bf Nanocrystals, nanoparticles, and nanoclusters
61.46.Df Structure of nanocrystals and nanoparticles ("colloidal" quantum dots but not gate-isolated embedded quantum dots)
72.80.Jc Other crystalline inorganic semiconductors
73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)

Thermoluminescence studies on γ-irradiated Mn:Li2B4O7 single crystals

S. Kar, S. Bairagi, C. Debnath, S. Verma, and K. S. Bartwal

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 071904 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4747147 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 16 August 2012

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Manganese doped Li2B4O7 (LTB) crystals were grown by Czochralski technique and various kinetic parameter of thermoluminescence (TL) were measured. Crystals were irradiated with different γ-dose using Co60 source. Thermoluminescence curves were recorded at various heating rates. Trap depth and frequency factor were calculated. Fading of Mn: Li2B4O7 was found only ∼5%-6% in 6 months. Thermoluminescence intensity of Mn: Li2B4O7 was found highly sensitive to the mass of the material, and it varies abruptly with mass change of +/− 1 mg, irradiated with the same dose. Therefore, the accuracy in mass is important parameter for thermoluminescence dosimeter badge.
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78.60.Kn Thermoluminescence
81.10.Fq Growth from melts; zone melting and refining
81.40.Gh Other heat and thermomechanical treatments
61.80.Ed γ-ray effects
61.82.Ms Insulators

Laser irradiation-induced α to δ phase transformation in Bi2O3 ceramics and nanowires

M. Vila, C. Díaz-Guerra, and J. Piqueras

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 071905 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4747198 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 16 August 2012

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The α-Bi2O3 to δ-Bi2O3 phase transformation has been locally induced by laser irradiation in ceramic samples and single-crystal nanowires of this oxide. The threshold power densities necessary to induce this transformation, as well as the corresponding transformation kinetics and its temporal stability, have been investigated in both kinds of samples by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The appearance of the δ phase was also monitored by spatially resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. An emission band peaked near 1.67 eV, not observed in α-Bi2O3, is tentatively attributed to δ-Bi2O3 near band gap transitions.
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81.30.Hd Constant-composition solid-solid phase transformations: polymorphic, massive, and order-disorder
64.70.kg Semiconductors
78.67.Uh Nanowires
61.80.Ba Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation effects (including laser radiation)
61.82.Fk Semiconductors
71.20.Nr Semiconductor compounds

Barocaloric effect in the magnetocaloric prototype Gd5Si2Ge2

Suheyla Yuce, Maria Barrio, Baris Emre, Enric Stern-Taulats, Antoni Planes, Josep-Lluís Tamarit, Yaroslav Mudryk, Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr., Vitalij K. Pecharsky, and Lluís Mañosa

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 071906 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4745920 (4 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 16 August 2012

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We report on calorimetric measurements under hydrostatic pressure that enabled us to determine the barocaloric effect in Gd5Si2Ge2. The values for the entropy change for moderate pressures compare favourably to those corresponding to the magnetocaloric effect in this compound. Entropy data are complemented with direct measurements of the adiabatic pressure-induced temperature change.
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62.50.-p High-pressure effects in solids and liquids
65.40.gd Entropy
07.20.Fw Calorimeters
75.30.Sg Magnetocaloric effect, magnetic cooling

Development of metamaterials with desired broadband optical properties

Anatoliy V. Goncharenko, Vladimir U. Nazarov, and Kuan-Ren Chen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 071907 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4746400 (5 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 16 August 2012

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The development of metamaterials that possess desired optical properties over a spectral band is a problem of fundamental importance; its solution could considerably improve the performance of many existing optical devices and allow new devices. Dealing with nanostructured metal/dielectric composites (subwavelength photonic crystals) with a specified spatial configuration, within the framework of the effective medium theory, we obtain an approximation for their effective permittivity. Then, making use of this approximation, we propose a scheme for designing above metamaterials. As practically important particular examples, we consider quasi-one-dimensional metamaterials with ultralow refractive index, a high absorption, and those possessing pass-band filtering properties.
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42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials
02.60.Gf Algorithms for functional approximation

Radiation tolerance of ultra-thin Formvar films

M. Stadermann, S. O. Kucheyev, J. Lewicki, and S. A. Letts

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 071908 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4746403 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 16 August 2012

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Mechanical behavior of free-standing polymer films with submicron thicknesses exposed to a radiation environment is poorly understood. Here, we study 110-nm-thin free-standing polyvinyl formal (Formvar) films irradiated at room temperature with 1–5 keV electrons or 3 MeV alpha particles. We measure mechanical properties and the elemental composition by spherical indentation and high-energy ion scattering, respectively. Results show that, with increasing radiation dose, the effective failure strain and film thickness decrease monotonically, while the dose dependence of the Young’s modulus is non-monotonic. The failure strain and modulus scale with the average energy deposited in the film, while the film thickness exhibits a more complex behavior.
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61.80.Fe Electron and positron radiation effects
61.82.Pv Polymers, organic compounds
62.20.Qp Friction, tribology, and hardness
81.40.Jj Elasticity and anelasticity, stress-strain relations
81.40.Np Fatigue, corrosion fatigue, embrittlement, cracking, fracture, and failure
62.20.de Elastic moduli

Strain induced tetragonal SrTiO3 nanoparticles at room temperature

Cailei Yuan, Shuangli Ye, Bo Xu, and Wen Lei

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 071909 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4747204 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 17 August 2012

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SrTiO3 nanoparticles with tetragonal phase at room temperature were fabricated using pulsed laser deposition method and rapid thermal annealing technique. High-resolution transmission electron microscope images demonstrate that SrTiO3 nanoparticle experiences a structural phase transition from cubic with indirect band gap to tetragonal with direct band gap with growing size. It has been found that the net deviatoric strain from Lu2O3 matrix can cause the rotation of the TiO6 octahedra and the change of the bond length, which is suggested to explain the structural phase transition. Strain engineering is an effective tool for tailoring the properties of SrTiO3 nanoparticles.
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77.80.bn Strain and interface effects
61.46.Df Structure of nanocrystals and nanoparticles ("colloidal" quantum dots but not gate-isolated embedded quantum dots)
61.72.Cc Kinetics of defect formation and annealing
77.84.Bw Elements, oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, chalcogenides, etc.
81.15.Fg Pulsed laser ablation deposition
81.16.Mk Laser-assisted deposition
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