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20 Aug 2012

Volume 101, Issue 8, Articles (08xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 081102 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4745791 (3 pages)

M. K. Wu, M. Feng, and N. Holonyak, Jr.
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Performance enhancement of solar cells based on single-walled carbon nanotubes by Au nanoparticles

Yongfeng Li, Soichiro Kodama, Toshiro Kaneko, and Rikizo Hatakeyama

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 083901 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4739427 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 20 August 2012

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The efficiency enhancement of solar cells based on a single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and Silicon (Si) heterojunction by gold (Au) nanoparticles has been studied. Our experimental results confirm that the density of Au nanoparticles plays a critical role in improving the performance of solar cell. With the optimum amount of Au nanoparticles on SWNTs, the obvious enhanced photocurrent is observed compared with the case without Au decoration due to the decrease of series resistance. However, the high density of Au nanoparticles will decrease the shunt resistance between Si and SWNTs, which leads to the performance degradation of solar cell.
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88.40.jp Multijunction solar cells
88.40.hj Efficiency and performance of solar cells
88.40.jj Silicon solar cells
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Towards the development of latent heat storage electrodes for electroporation-based therapies

Christopher B. Arena, Roop L. Mahajan, Marissa Nichole Rylander, and Rafael V. Davalos

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 083902 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4747332 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 22 August 2012

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Phase change materials (PCMs) capable of storing a large amount of heat upon transitioning from the solid-to-liquid state have been widely used in the electronics and construction industries for mitigating temperature development. Here, we show that they are also beneficial for reducing the peak tissue temperature during electroporation-based therapies. A numerical model is developed of irreversible electroporation (IRE) performed with hollow needle electrodes filled with a PCM. Results indicate that this electrode design can be utilized to achieve large ablation volumes while reducing the probability for thermal damage.
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87.85.eg Electrode stimulation
87.85.J- Biomaterials
02.60.-x Numerical approximation and analysis
87.19.Pp Biothermics and thermal processes in biology
87.50.ct Therapeutic applications
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Morphology and optical absorption change of Ag/SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles under thermal annealing

Z. W. Lei, M. Liu, W. Ge, Z. P. Fu, K. Reinhardt, R. J. Knize, and Yalin Lu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 083903 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4747803 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 22 August 2012

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Ag/SiO2 core shell nanoparticles can be potentially useful in solar cells with the expectation to enhance light absorption. Thermal stability of such nanoparticles would be an important issue and has not been investigated much in the past. This research studied both morphological and optical absorption changes when heat-treating Ag/SiO2 core shell nanoparticles at various temperatures. At lower temperatures, Ag diffuses out through the porous shell, and remains inside at higher temperatures when the shell becomes solid. The results are instructive to further apply such nanoparticles into solar cells.
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81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials
61.46.Df Structure of nanocrystals and nanoparticles ("colloidal" quantum dots but not gate-isolated embedded quantum dots)
63.22.-m Phonons or vibrational states in low-dimensional structures and nanoscale materials
61.72.Cc Kinetics of defect formation and annealing
61.50.-f Structure of bulk crystals
61.43.Gt Powders, porous materials

Optical and electrical properties of a squaraine dye in photovoltaic cells

Guo Chen, Daisuke Yokoyama, Hisahiro Sasabe, Ziruo Hong, Yang Yang, and Junji Kido

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 083904 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4747623 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 23 August 2012

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2,4-Bis[4-(N,N-diisobutylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (SQ) was employed as a donor material in organic photovoltaic cells based on planar heterojunctions. We studied optical properties of SQ films, and discussed its photovoltaic performance via numerical fitting and simulation on the photovoltaic cells. Exciton diffusion length (LD) in SQ films (4.5 nm) derived from optical simulation should be the major limitation to efficiency, consistent with external quantum efficiency data. Thermal treatment improved efficiency, which can be ascribed to reduced saturation current of the photovoltaic cells. As a result, a power conversion efficiency of 4.1% was achieved.
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88.40.jr Organic photovoltaics
88.40.hj Efficiency and performance of solar cells

Morphology and electrical properties of high aspect ratio ZnO nanowires grown by hydrothermal method without repeated batch process

Jin Woo Cho, Churl Seung Lee, Kyoung Il Lee, Seon Min Kim, Sung Hyun Kim, and Young Keun Kim

Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 083905 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4748289 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 24 August 2012

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We propose a growth method to obtain ZnO nanowires with very high aspect ratios which involves adding ammonium chloride without repeated batch process. The ZnO nanowires with a length of over 13.6 μm and an aspect ratio of about 97 were grown by the proposed method. Nanogenerators based on the prepared ZnO nanowires were fabricated and their electrical properties were characterized as a function of aspect ratio to verify the changes in the piezoelectric potential. We obtained a maximum current density of ∼1.6 μm/cm2 by applying a compressive force to the nanogenerator using a linear motor.
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61.46.Km Structure of nanowires and nanorods (long, free or loosely attached, quantum wires and quantum rods, but not gate-isolated embedded quantum wires)
81.07.Gf Nanowires
72.80.Ey III-V and II-VI semiconductors
81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing
77.65.-j Piezoelectricity and electromechanical effects
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