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Applied Physics Letters / Volume 102 / Issue 7 / NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 073101 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4790646 (4 pages)

Lasing in nanoimprinted two-dimensional photonic crystal band-edge lasers

V. Reboud1,2, J. Romero-Vivas3, P. Lovera4, N. Kehagias1, T. Kehoe1, G. Redmond5, and C. M. Sotomayor Torres1,6,7

1Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus UAB, Edifici CM3, ES 08193—Barcelona, Spain
2CEA-LETI-Minatec Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
3Surface Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, Poznan 61-614, Poland
4Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland
5School of Physics and School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
6Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
7Department of Physics, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

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(Received 3 August 2012; accepted 19 October 2012; published online 19 February 2013)

We demonstrate optically pumped polymer band-edge lasers based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab fabricated by nanoimprint lithography (NIL). Lasing was obtained at the photonic band-edge, where the light exhibits a low group velocity at the Γ point of the triangular lattice photonic crystal band structure. The active medium was composed of a dye chromophore-loaded polymer matrix directly patterned in a single step by nanoimprint lithography. Plane-wave and finite difference time domain algorithms were used to predict experimental lasing frequencies and the lasing thresholds obtained at different Γ points. A low laser threshold of 3 μJ/mm2 was achieved in a defect-free photonic crystal thus showing the suitability of nanoimprint lithography to produce cost-efficient optically pumped lasers.

© 2013 American Institute of Physics

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KEYWORDS, PACS, and IPC

Keywords

dye lasers, dyes, finite difference time-domain analysis, nanolithography, nanopatterning, optical fabrication, optical polymers, optical pumping, photonic band gap, photonic crystals, soft lithography

PACS

International Patent Classification (IPC)

  • B82B3/00

    Manufacture or treatment of nano-structures

  • C09B

    Organic dyes or closely-related compounds for producing dyes; Mordants; Lakes

  • H01S3/091

    Using optical pumping

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4790646

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0003-6951 (print)  
1077-3118 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

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    References

    P. Gorrn, T. Rabe, T. Riedl, W. Kowalsky, F. Galbrecht, and U. Scherf, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 161113 (2006)APPLAB000089000016161113000001.

    D. Englund, H. Altug, I. Fushman, and J. Vuckovic, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 071126 (2007)APPLAB000091000007071126000001.

    V. Reboud, P. Lovera, N. Kehagias, M. Zelsmann, C. Schuster, F. Reuther, G. Gruetzner, G. Redmond, and C. M. Sotomayor Torres, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 151101 (2007)APPLAB000091000015151101000001.



Figures (4) Tables (1)

Figures (click on thumbnails to view enlargements)

FIG.1
SEM micrograph of nanoimprinted triangular lattice photonic crystals in dye-doped mr-NIL 6000 printable polymer. Inset: (left) SEM top-view of one silicon stamp and (right) zoom of a dye-doped nanoimprinted photonic crystals.

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FIG.2
Photoluminescence of 2D PhC with a 500 nm lattice constant under a pulsed excitation of (a) 3.8 μJ/mm2 (lasing at the Γ1 point), and (b) solid line: 17 μJ/mm2 (lasing at the Γ1 and Γ2 points), dot line: emission spectrum of Rhodamine 6 G in mr-NIL 6000 below the laser threshold, (c) Photoluminescence of 2D PhC with a 580 nm lattice constant under a pulsed excitation of 16.5 μJ/mm2 (lasing at the Γ3 point). Dye concentration of 5 × 10−3 mol/l−1, d/ Emission spectrum of Rhodamine 6 G in mr-NIL 6000 below the laser threshold. Insets of (a) and (c): Peak emission intensity versus the absorbed excitation fluence associated to each PhC for a dye concentration of 5 × 10−3 mol/l.

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FIG.3
(a) Photonic band structure of a triangular lattice 2D air hole PhC calculated with a Plane wave-basis frequency-domain method forTE polarization where a is the lattice constant and λ is the wavelength. Hole radius is R = 0.24a. The bands represent the gain bandwidth of Rhodamine 6G for PhC lattice constants a = 500 nm and a = 580 nm, respectively. (b) Calculated Hz magnetic-field density at the Γ1, Γ2, and Γ3 points.

FIG.3 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.4
Laser lifetime increasing the exposure time under pumping power of 2.8 the threshold level (8.5 μJ/mm2 and pulse frequency: 10 Hz).

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Tables

Table I. Comparison of the measured laser thresholds for the PhC band-edge lasers with the lattice constants a = 500 nm (Γ1) and a = 580 nm (Γ3) for the two dye concentrations.

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