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18 Feb 2013

Volume 102, Issue 7, Articles (07xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 073101 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4790646 (4 pages)

V. Reboud, J. Romero-Vivas, P. Lovera, N. Kehagias, T. Kehoe, G. Redmond, and C. M. Sotomayor Torres
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Temperature dependent polarization switching properties of ferroelectric Pb0.92La0.08Zr0.52Ti0.48Oδ films grown on nickel foils

Beihai Ma, Zhongqiang Hu, Shanshan Liu, Manoj Narayanan, and U. (Balu) Balachandran

Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 072901 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793304 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 19 February 2013

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Ferroelectric Pb0.92La0.08Zr0.52Ti0.48Oδ films (≈2-μm thickness) were grown on LaNiO3-buffered nickel foils by chemical solution deposition. Their ferroelectric and dielectric properties were measured as a function of temperature. With increasing temperature from room temperature to 200 °C, back-switching polarization increased while spontaneous polarization, remanent polarization, and coercive field decreased. The domain wall energy barrier was determined from the temperature-dependent back-switching polarization. Decreased irreversible/extrinsic and reversible/intrinsic dielectric responses were observed with increasing frequency. The ratio of irreversible to reversible contributions to dielectric nonlinearity was analyzed by the Rayleigh law. This ratio decreased with increasing frequency from 500 Hz to 500 kHz.
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77.80.Fm Switching phenomena
81.15.Lm Liquid phase epitaxy; deposition from liquid phases (melts, solutions, and surface layers on liquids)
68.55.at Other materials
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization
77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis

Observation of large magnetodielectric and direct magnetoelectric behavior in LCMO/PVDF 0-3 nanocomposites

Debabrata Bhadra, Md. G. Masud, S. K. De, and B. K. Chaudhuri

Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 072902 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793307 (5 pages)

Online Publication Date: 20 February 2013

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A two-phase multifunctional La2CoMnO6 (LCMO)/Poly-vinylidene fluoride 0–3 flexible nanocomposite (NCOMP) thick films have been prepared. Interestingly, this NCOMP shows linear increase of magnetoelectric voltage coefficient (MVC) with applied dc magnetic-bias fields up to 5 kOe, exhibiting no sign of hysteresis. For the typical LCMO concentration, fLCMO = 0.15, the maximum MVC measured is 1.45 mV cm−1 Oe−1 (using 50 kHz resonant signal). This low dielectric loss (∼0.12) NCOMP also showed intriguing high magnetodielectric effect (∼10%) around the ferromagnetic transition temperature (Tc ∼ 230 K) with minimal leakage current. Such results make the present nanocomposite significantly important for the development of magnetic field tuned electronic devices.
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75.85.+t Magnetoelectric effects, multiferroics
75.75.Cd Fabrication of magnetic nanostructures
77.55.Nv Multiferroic/magnetoelectric films
75.30.Kz Magnetic phase boundaries (including classical and quantum magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)
75.70.Ak Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films
77.22.Gm Dielectric loss and relaxation

Microwave and mechanical properties of quartz/graphene-based polymer nanocomposites

B. J. P. Adohi, D. Bychanok, B. Haidar, and C. Brosseau

Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 072903 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793411 (5 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 20 February 2013

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We report microwave spectroscopy studies of graphene-based polymer-matrix composite materials subject to uniaxial elongation. The samples were prepared via shear mixing under the same thermal processing conditions of amorphous styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) with quartz grains on the order of micrometers in size and/or graphene sheets with thickness 10–20 nm and average lateral size 200 μm. An important result is the observation of a significant increase (up to 25%) in the effective microwave permittivity of hybridized nanocomposites comprising both quartz and graphene compared to the nanocomposites with quartz only. We suggest that the coating of quartz grains by graphene sheets is the most likely origin of this synergetic effect. In all cases, we also observe that the permittivity spectrum is unaffected by strain up to 8%. By examining the mechanical response, it is shown that the elasticity network of SBR polymer chains is significantly affected in the rubbery state by filling SBR with graphene and quartz particles.
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78.70.Gq Microwave and radio-frequency interactions
81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing
81.40.Jj Elasticity and anelasticity, stress-strain relations
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
62.20.D- Elasticity
62.20.F- Deformation and plasticity

Ferromagnetic, ferroelectric properties, and magneto-dielectric effect of Bi4.25La0.75Fe0.5Co0.5Ti3O15 ceramics

Xiangyu Mao, Hui Sun, Wei Wang, Xiaobing Chen, and Yalin Lu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 072904 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793305 (5 pages)

Online Publication Date: 21 February 2013

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Multiferroic properties of four-layered Bi4.25La0.75Fe0.5Co0.5Ti3O15 ceramics were carefully investigated. X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses indicate that the as-prepared sample is almost free from secondary phases, and magnetization measurements confirm a ferromagnetic transition ∼483 K. At room temperature (RT), the sample shows a typical ferromagnetism with a remnant magnetization (2Mr) of ∼51.2 m emu/g, and a good ferroelectric hysteresis with a remnant polarization (2Pr) of ∼15.4 μC/cm2. More importantly, an obvious magneto-dielectric (MD) effect has been found under a low magnetic field of 1 T at RT with a maximum of magneto-dielectric constant of ∼10.5%.
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77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
75.85.+t Magnetoelectric effects, multiferroics
75.30.Kz Magnetic phase boundaries (including classical and quantum magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)
75.50.Dd Nonmetallic ferromagnetic materials
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization

Improving the optical absorption of BiFeO3 for photovoltaic applications via uniaxial compression or biaxial tension

Huafeng Dong, Zhigang Wu, Shanying Wang, Wenhui Duan, and Jingbo Li

Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 072905 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793397 (5 pages)

Online Publication Date: 21 February 2013

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First-principles computations are employed to investigate the electronic structures and optical absorption of rhombohedral BiFeO3 under uniaxial compression and biaxial tension. We find that the bandgap of BiFeO3 is reduced under uniaxial compression, and it can be tuned to the ideal value for photovoltaic applications; furthermore, the indirect-to-direct bandgap transition occurs, which would lead to much enhanced optical absorption near the band edge. Similar results are found for biaxial tensile strain. Strong optical absorption is critical to build efficient solar cells based on ferroelectric thin films; strain engineering is thus a practical route towards realizing this scheme, in which no junction is needed to separate charge carriers.
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88.40.H- Solar cells (photovoltaics)
71.20.Nr Semiconductor compounds

Abnormal polarization switching of relaxor terpolymer films at low temperatures

B. B. Tian, X. L. Zhao, B. L. Liu, J. L. Wang, Li Han, J. L. Sun, X. J. Meng, and J. H. Chu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 072906 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793188 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 21 February 2013

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The ferroelectricity of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) terpolymer films fabricated using Langmuir–Blodgett technology were investigated from 180 to 300 K. The temperature dependences of the remanent polarization and the dielectric response showed a broad peak at ∼270 K, suggesting a ferroelectric phase transition. Unlike perovskite relaxors, a deviation from Merz's law was observed in the relationship between the coercive field and the frequency, which was used to measure the hysteresis for the relaxor terpolymer. The specific ferroelectricity of the relaxor terpolymer is considered to be associated with the distinctive structure and dynamics of its typical molecular conformations.
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77.80.B- Phase transitions and Curie point
77.80.Jk Relaxor ferroelectrics
77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization
77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
77.80.Fm Switching phenomena
77.84.Jd Polymers; organic compounds

Bulk interface engineering for enhanced magnetization in multiferroic BiFeO3 compounds

Shreeja Pillai, Deepika Bhuwal, Alok Banerjee, and Vilas Shelke

Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 072907 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793485 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 22 February 2013

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We investigated composites of two antiferromagnetic perovskite oxides BiFeO3 and LaMnO3 to study change in bulk magnetic behavior. Composites with nominal compositions (1−x)BiFeO3-xLaMnO3 (x = 0, 5, 10, 20 wt. %) were synthesized by solid state reaction route. The structural analysis performed using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy indicated presence of phase separated compounds. Significant enhancement in magnetic moment is observed in composite samples, which was attributed to the uncompensated spins at the interface of two distinct antiferromagnetic phases.
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75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
78.30.Hv Other nonmetallic inorganics
81.20.-n Methods of materials synthesis and materials processing
75.30.Cr Saturation moments and magnetic susceptibilities
75.50.Ee Antiferromagnetics
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