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15 Sep 1967

Volume 11, Issue 6, pp. 175-212


KINETIC MODEL OF TONKS‐DATTNER RESONANCES IN A POSITIVE COLUMN

D. E. Baldwin and J. L. Hirshfield

Appl. Phys. Lett. 11, 175 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1755085 (3 pages) | Cited 18 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Widely reported resonances in positive columns are described by a kinetic model in which electrons reflected at the sheath provide a plasma wave reflection mechanism which has been lacking in earlier fluid theories. Application of a weak magnetic field is shown experimentally to destroy the resonances when the gyro‐radius falls below the dimension of the reflection zone.

SINGLE WAVELENGTH OPERATION OF A PULSED WATER‐VAPOR LASER

W. Q. Jeffers

Appl. Phys. Lett. 11, 178 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1755086 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Single wavelength operation on twenty‐five emission lines in the range 23 to 57 μ was obtained by using three diffraction gratings to make the laser resonator frequency selective. This technique leads to new emission lines, enhanced output on weak lines, and identical pulse‐to‐pulse emission intensities. These results show that there are strong interactions among the transitions responsible for laser action. They are quantitatively consistent with the assumption that laser action is due to vibration‐rotation transitions of the H2O molecule.

EFFECT OF A HEATED PLATINUM WIRE ON A SEALED CO2 LASER SYSTEM

F. M. Taylor, A. Lombardo, and W. C. Eppers

Appl. Phys. Lett. 11, 180 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1755087 (3 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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A heated platinum wire was used in a sealed CO2☒N2☒He laser system, resulting in increases in output power that were dependent on the initial fill pressure of CO2. The system was also filled with a CO2☒He mixture and made to lase. Heating of the platinum wire caused a decrease in output power. It was tentatively concluded that the platinum catalyzes the reaction CO + O → CO2, permitting a higher concentration of CO2 in a sealed system than is otherwise possible.

SPACE‐CHARGE‐LIMITED CURRENTS IN HETEROEPITAXIAL FILMS OF SILICON GROWN ON SAPPHIRE

R. Zuleeg and Peter Knoll

Appl. Phys. Lett. 11, 183 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1755088 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Experimental results are presented on current‐voltage relations in heteroepitaxial silicon films grown on sapphire. Above a threshold voltage a current is observed which is proportional to the square of the applied voltage, but inversely proportional to the square of the distance. It is interpreted as space‐charge‐limited current. The square law dependence with distance is a deviation from the Mott‐Gurney law of space‐charge‐limited current in solids, which predicts I ∝ L−3, and is a consequence of the electrode configuration.

NANOSECOND PULSE GENERATION BY MEANS OF STIMULATED BRILLOUIN SCATTERING

A. J. Alcock and C. De Michelis

Appl. Phys. Lett. 11, 185 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1755089 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Single high‐intensity pulses having a duration under 5 nsec have been generated by means of multiple stimulated Brillouin scattering (MSBS) from methanol. This was achieved by placing a liquid cell at one end of a giant‐pulse ruby laser cavity and a Fabry‐Perot etalon at the other Laser oscillation builds up at a wavelength where the Fabry‐Perot provides a high reflectivity and MSBS occurs until the wavelength is shifted to a point at which the Fabry‐Perot has a transmission maximum, thus allowing a single pulse of scattered radiation to be coupled out.

ACOUSTOELECTRIC OSCILLATIONS WITH FIELD‐DEPENDENT PERIOD IN INDIUM ANTIMONIDE

C. W. Turner and J. Crow

Appl. Phys. Lett. 11, 187 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1755090 (3 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Experimental observations of acoustoelectric oscillations in [110] and [111] oriented InSb at 77°K in the presence of a transverse magnetic field are described. The period of the oscillations in the [110] samples, equal to the interelectrode transit time of a domain at the shear wave velocity for fields near threshold, increases two‐ or three‐fold for higher electric fields. The possible origin of this anomalous period is discussed.

THE STABILITY OF CYLINDRICAL PERMALLOY FILMS IN AN INHOMOGENEOUS MAGNETIC FIELD

B. M. Rabinovici and C. A. Renton

Appl. Phys. Lett. 11, 189 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1755091 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Measurements of worst‐case memory performance, dispersion, and hysteresis have been carried out on permalloy films that have been annealed at elevated temperatures in various applied magnetic fields. It is found that deterioration is most rapid for specimens subjected to inhomogeneous hard‐direction fields.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF ``AMORPHOUS'' BORON

Franklin E. Wawner and Dana B. Satterfield

Appl. Phys. Lett. 11, 192 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1755092 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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``Amorphous'' boron filament prepared by chemical‐vapor deposition of boron on tungsten has typical tensile strengths of 400–600 kpsi and flexural strengths of the order of 2 Mpsi, contrary to the Weibull relationship which requires that the ratio of these quantities be about 1.4. Tensile strength measurements on sections of these filaments with the tungsten boride core material removed have given numerous values in the range 1 to 1.6 Mpsi, thus demonstrating that the intrinsic strength of the boron in the filament does satisfy the Weibull criterion and that ``amorphous'' boron is one of the strongest materials known.

ATOMIC PERFECTION AND FIELD EMISSION FROM TUNGSTEN (110) SURFACE

E. W. Plummer and T. N. Rhodin

Appl. Phys. Lett. 11, 194 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1755093 (3 pages) | Cited 18 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Field‐emission measurements on field‐evaporated (110) tungsten were correlated with direct observation of the atomic configuration of the surface for different degrees of perfection. It is concluded that small perturbations of the (110) plane from atomic perfection produce a significant increase in the field‐emitted current.

OBSERVATION OF CHEMICAL‐VAPOR‐DEPOSITED SILICON ON SAPPHIRE BY TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Masao Tamura and Masayoshi Nomura

Appl. Phys. Lett. 11, 196 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1755094 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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The initial stages of the deposition of silicon on very thin sapphire platelets with exact (0001) orientation by the hydrogen reduction of SiCl4 have been observed using transmission electron microscopy.

FRESNEL ZONES AND FIELD ION MICROSCOPY

W. Vali and R. L. Gordon

Appl. Phys. Lett. 11, 199 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1755095 (2 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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It is shown that the pattern from a single‐crystal tip in a field ion microscope is a collection of Fresnel zone plates. The focal length of a zone is proportional to the interplanar spacing of the set of planes responsible for that zone.

CURRENT OSCILLATIONS IN Co‐DOPED Si p‐i‐n STRUCTURES

B. G. Streetman, M. M. Blouke, and N. Holonyak

Appl. Phys. Lett. 11, 200 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1755096 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Current oscillations in the positive resistance region of the forward characteristics of Co‐doped Si p‐i‐n devices are described. The oscillations are sinusoidal, independent of device length, and are strongly affected by optical excitation and deep‐level trap properties.

EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC VIBRATIONS OF THE SUBSTRATE ON THE GROWTH OF THIN METAL FILMS

K. L. Chopra and M. R. Randlett

Appl. Phys. Lett. 11, 202 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1755097 (2 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Gold and silver films deposited on rock salt substrates ultrasonically agitated by a 6.5 Mc AT‐cut vibrating quartz crystal exhibit enhanced agglomeration and orientation effects. The effect of the ultrasonic field on the growth of a film is essentially similar to that of an elevated substrate temperature.

INTERPRETATION OF THE CS2 LASER TRANSITIONS

Arthur G. Maki

Appl. Phys. Lett. 11, 204 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1755098 (2 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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The N2☒CS2 laser lines are identified as P‐branch transitions with J = 28 to 46 for the 001–100 vibrational transition. A population ratio of N001∕N100 = 1.07 is determined for the system assuming a temperature of 300°K. The mechanism of selectively populating the 001 level of CS2 is discussed.

DETECTION OF VERY FAINT PREBREAKDOWN LUMINOSITY WAVES IN A POINT‐TO‐PLANE GAP IMMERSED IN OIL

P. J. MacVicar‐Whelan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 11, 205 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1755099 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Very faint luminosity waves traveling at a speed of approximately 3 × 108 cm∕sec have been observed in a point‐to‐plane gap immersed in mineral oil. The waves traveled from both positive and negative points to the plane.

NMR MEASUREMENT OF THE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT OF PURE ALUMINUM

F. Y. Fradin and T. J. Rowland

Appl. Phys. Lett. 11, 207 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1755100 (3 pages) | Cited 39 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Using a radio‐frequency field pulse technique which enables measurement of slow atomic diffusion by means of nuclear magnetic resonance we have obtained, for nominally 6–9's pure Al, an activation energy for self‐diffusion of 28.75 ± 0.8 kcal∕mole. Data was obtained over a range of 5 decades in atomic jump rate (240°C to 550°C) and joins smoothly with other diffusion coefficient measurements at the extremes.

CONTRIBUTION OF THERMAL NOISE TO THE LINE‐WIDTH OF JOSEPHSON RADIATION FROM SUPERCONDUCTING POINT CONTACTS

A. H. Silver, J. E. Zimmerman, and R. A. Kamper

Appl. Phys. Lett. 11, 209 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1755101 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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The line‐width of the Josephson oscillations of a voltage‐biased superconducting point contact has been measured between 1.4°K and 8°K, with bias resistors R between 1.7 × 10−10 Ω and 2.6 × 10−5 Ω. Within the experimental accuracy the line‐width is proportional to RT, and is consistent with the estimated theoretical value 8kTR∕Φ02, where k is Boltzmann's constant and Φ0 is the flux quantum. Line‐widths below 0.1 Hz have been observed at 4.2°K for R = 1.7 × 10−10 Ω, providing an experimental upper limit to other noise sources and indicating that this is useful as a voltmeter and thermometer below 10−16 V and 10−4°K.
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Erratum: Pulsed Hologram Formation of Diffusely Reflecting Objects

D. Fritzler and E. Marom

Appl. Phys. Lett. 11, 212 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1755102 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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Erratum: The Anomalous Appearance of Laser Oscillation at 6401 Å

I. Tobias and W. M. Strouse

Appl. Phys. Lett. 11, 212 (1967); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1755103 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2004

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