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15 Jan 1968

Volume 12, Issue 2, pp. 25-56


SPUTTERING DUE TO NEGATIVE OXYGEN IONS IN OXYGEN DISCHARGES

Thomas A. Jennings and William McNeill

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 25 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651877 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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The effect of gaseous negative oxygen ion impact on an anode surface is examined. Gold films (≈300 Å) are sputtered at a pressure of 30–35 mtorr and at several anode voltages and currents. Results show a linear dependency of the sputtering rate on the applied anode voltage up to 95 V, while at higher voltages there is little change in the sputtering rate. The sputtering yield shows a decreasing nonlinear dependence on the applied anode voltage. The latter is explained in terms of the decrease in the electronegative character of the discharge.

ULTRASONIC HOLOGRAPHY BY ELECTRONIC SCANNING OF A PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTAL

E. Marom, D. Fritzler, and R. K. Mueller

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 26 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651878 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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See Also: Erratum

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Images have been optically reconstructed from acoustical holograms displayed by electronic scanning of a piezoelectric crystal, irradiated by the sonic beams.

RADIANT SELF‐STABILIZATION OF TEMPERATURE

W. S. Boyle and H. W. Verleur

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 28 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651879 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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The change in optical constants of VO2 associated with the semiconductor‐to‐metal transition at 340°K can be used to stabilize the temperature of a radiating body. Calculations based on a particular composite thin‐film structure show that the temperature of a body remains fixed for an eightfold change in radiated power. Optical measurements over a limited range of the infrared confirm the calculations.

IGNITION OF A HOT PLASMA AT THE SECOND HARMONIC OF THE ELECTRON CYCLOTRON FREQUENCY

G. Lisitano

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 32 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651880 (2 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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A plasma has been heated to electron temperatures of several hundred eV by concentrating rf power of 60 W, 3 Gc∕sec in a plasma volume of 3 cm3. The heating of the plasma is most efficient at the second harmonic resonances of the electron cyclotron frequency.

INTERPRETATION AND MECHANISM OF THE CS2☒N2 LASER

Nicole Legay‐Sommaire

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 34 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651881 (2 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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A new interpretation of the CS2☒N2 laser lines is proposed. The lines are attributed to the 0201–1200 transition. The abnormal intensities observed for two lines are interpreted as arising from their coincidence with two lines of the 0221–1220 system.
The interpretation is consistent with the hypothesis of a vibrational transfer from N2.

PICOSECOND SUBSTRUCTURE OF LASER SPIKES

S. L. Shapiro, M. A. Duguay, and L. B. Kreuzer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 36 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651882 (2 pages) | Cited 23 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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The two‐photon fluorescence technique has been used to examine, on a picosecond time scale, the output of a long‐pulse (non‐Q‐switched) Nd:glass laser. The well‐known ``spikes,'' about 200 nsec wide, are found, in many cases, to consist of a large number of ultrashort pulses, about 3 psec in duration. In a non‐Q‐switched ruby laser, pulses about 15 psec in duration have been seen.

POLYMORPHISM IN VACUUM‐DEPOSITED GaP FILMS

John E. Davey and Titus Pankey

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 38 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651883 (2 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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GaP films have been vacuum‐deposited onto amorphous substrates by a three‐temperature zone technique. When the films are deposited at elevated temperatures (>500°C) and under a condition of Ga excess, whisker, rod and platelet growth occur in the film. Transmission electron diffraction examination has shown a polymorphic form of GaP to exist in these deposits.

MEASUREMENTS ON THE RAMAN COMPONENT OF LASER ATMOSPHERIC BACKSCATTER

J. A. Cooney

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 40 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651884 (3 pages) | Cited 36 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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Density profiles of the gaseous atmosphere up to 3 km have been measured using laser backscatter. The ambiguity in the return at the laser frequency (6943 Å) due to the aerosol scatter component was avoided by monitoring the frequency‐shifted Raman vibrational‐rotational band of the nitrogen component centered at 8285 Å.

LENGTH CHANGE OF COPPER AFTER ELECTRON IRRADIATION

R. Hanada and J. W. Kauffman

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 42 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651885 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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The length change of pure copper after 2.2 MeV electron irradiation was measured with a sensitivity of 3 × 10−8 at liquid‐helium temperature. Subsequent isochronal annealing showed the existence of substructures in stage I. These substructures in length change are found to be similar with resistivity recovery results.

RESOLUTION OF PULSED LASER HOLOGRAMS

J. T. LaMacchia and J. E. Bjorkholm

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 45 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651886 (2 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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Measurements were made of the resolution of holograms formed with a Q‐switched ruby laser operating in a single longitudinal and transverse mode. Diffraction limited, 4 μ detail was observed in the reconstructed real image as viewed in CW He☒Ne illumination.

THE GROWTH OF LASER OSCILLATIONS

Gunthard K. Born

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 46 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651887 (4 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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The buildup of low‐gain laser oscillations is observed by a simple experimental method: A helium‐neon laser is ``switched on'' by mechanically unblocking the space inside the vacity between a Brewster‐angle window of the discharge tube and an (external) mirror. The resulting growth of a low‐power laser signal is found to follow the predictions of Lamb's theory.

FARADAY ROTATION, SPECTRAL EMITTANCE, AND HALL EFFECT OF GALLIUM ANTIMONIDE

C. Y. Liang, H. Piller, and D. L. Stierwalt

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 49 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651888 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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Based upon the two‐band model, a combined analysis of the experimental data of GaSb obtained from Faraday rotation, spectral emittance, and Hall effect measurements is discussed.

ACCELERATION OF MICROPARTICLES BY LASER‐INDUCED VAPOR EMISSION

Ralph W. Waniek and Paul J. Jarmuz

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 52 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651889 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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The interaction of intense laser beams against single charged particles was investigated to determine the possibility of acceleration by surface evaporation. Aluminum particles of 25 μ diam, freely suspended in a time‐varying electric field possessing focusing properties, were located within the focal spot (100 μ diam) of the normal output of a ruby laser. The individual laser spikes contribute to the stepwise acceleration of the particle and serve simultaneously for stroboscopic observation of the trajectory. With power densities of 106 W∕cm2 and beam energies of a fraction of a joule, the recoil pressure due to the vaporization of the material produced directed velocities of 2 ⋅ 104 cm∕sec. The present results agree with momentum conservation involving vaporization of a fraction of the particle material.

MODE LOCKING OF AN ORGANIC DYE LASER

W. H. Glenn, M. J. Brienza, and A. J. DeMaria

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 54 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651890 (3 pages) | Cited 36 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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This Letter reports the mode locking of an organic dye laser achieved by pumping the laser with the second harmonic of a mode‐locked pulse train from a Nd laser. Mode‐locked laser action was observed for solutions of Rhodamine 6G and Rhodamine B and mixtures thereof. The laser output could be varied from about 5600 Å–5900 Å by changing the composition of the solution.
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