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15 Mar 1968

Volume 12, Issue 6, pp. 209-224


RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LINEAR AND QUADRATIC ELECTRO‐OPTIC COEFFICIENTS IN LiNbO3, LiTaO3, AND OTHER OXYGEN‐OCTAHEDRA FERROELECTRICS BASED ON DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF SPONTANEOUS POLARIZATION

S. H. Wemple, M. DiDomenico, and I. Camlibel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 209 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651955 (3 pages) | Cited 72 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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The spontaneous polarizations in LiNbO3, LiTaO3, and Ba2NaNb5O15 have been measured directly at room temperature by a field reversal method and found to be Ps (LiNbO3) = 0.71 C∕m2, Ps (LiTaO3) = 0.50 C∕m2, and Ps (Ba2NaNb5O15) = 0.40 C∕m2. Using these values we show that the linear electro‐optic effect in these materials is related fundamentally to a biased quadratic effect associated with each BO6 octahedron. Based on this result, predictions are made of the spontaneous polarization in other oxygen‐octahedra ferroelectrics.

THE EFFECT OF EXPANSION MISMATCH ON TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF RESISTANCE OF THIN FILMS

P. M. Hall

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 212 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651956 (1 page) | Cited 24 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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The temperature coefficient of resistance of a thin‐film resistor depends on the mismatch in the thermal expansion coefficient between the film and its substrate. This Letter presents a calculation of this effect and shows that the effect can be quite significant for typical thin films.

THIRD‐ORDER ELASTIC CONSTANTS OF POLYCRYSTALLINE MEDIA

H. J. Juretschke

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 213 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651957 (2 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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The three linear invariants associated with the third‐order elastic coefficients are derived explicitly, and are used to relate the elastic parameters of a single crystal of arbitrary symmetry to those of a polycrystalline quasi‐isotropic aggregate of the same material.

TIME‐DEPENDENT ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION IN RUTILE SINGLE CRYSTALS

L. J. Van Ruyven and J. D. Chase

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 214 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651958 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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TiO2 single crystals were grown in the absence of hydrogen, using an induction plasma torch. The electrical conductivity of these crystals does not vary in time under the application of an electric field. To explain the conductivity creep in conventionally grown TiO2 single crystals, a mechanism is proposed based on iron‐hydrogen impurity complexes which dissociate under the application of a voltage and can be restored by heating the crystal to 800°C.

THE EFFECT OF DISLOCATIONS ON THE VAPORIZATION RATE OF NaCl SINGLE CRYSTALS

J. E. Lester and G. A. Somorjai

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 216 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651959 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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The vacuum evaporation rates of the (100) face of sodium chloride single crystals were measured in the temperature range 770–900°K. By increasing the dislocation density in the NaCl crystals (106 to 107 cm−2) the steady‐state vacuum evaporation rates were increased by a factor of two. The vapor composition remained unchanged over the different dislocation density crystals.

CURRENT FILAMENTS IN AVALANCHING PIN DIODES

M. W. Muller

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 218 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651960 (2 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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It is predicted that stable current filaments can be formed in an avalanching pin structure. The current density in a filament and its radius are determined by a dynamic equilibrium between carrier production by impact ionization and loss of carriers by diffusion.

EFFECT OF HEATING UNDER BIAS ON PHOTOELECTRIC THRESHOLD IN MOS STRUCTURE

C. R. Viswanathan and Seiki Ogura

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 220 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651961 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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Experimental evidence of change in photoelectric threshold energy for emission of electrons from silicon into oxide in MOS structure, due to heating under biased conditions is given. A model to explain this behavior has been proposed.

PHOTOMULTIPLIER DETECTION OF 10.6 μm RADIATION USING OPTICAL UP‐CONVERSION IN PROUSTITE

J. Warner

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 222 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651962 (3 pages) | Cited 33 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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Synthetic single‐crystal proustite pumped with collimated pulsed ruby laser radiation has been used to convert 10.6 μm radiation to the visible. Measured values of photon conversion efficiency (Ns∕Nir = 1.4 × 10−6) and phase‐matched bandwidth (540 Å at 10.6 μm) are in good agreement with theory.
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ERRATA: A New and Stable Nonlinear Optical Material

L. G. Van Uitert, S. Singh, H. J. Levinstein, J. E. Geusic, and W. A. Bonner

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 224 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651963 (1 page) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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ERRATA: The Nonlinear Optical Properties of Ba2NaNb5O15

J. E. Geusic, H. J. Levinstein, J. J. Rubin, S. Singh, and L. G. Van Uitert

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 224 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651964 (1 page) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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ERRATA: An Excitation Mechanism for the A+ Laser

S. H. Koozekanani

Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 224 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1651965 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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