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1 Aug 1968

Volume 13, Issue 3, pp. 81-111


MAGNETOSTRICTIVE GENERATION OF TRANSVERSE MICROWAVE PHONONS WITHOUT EXTERNAL FIELD

H. Bialas and O. Weis

Appl. Phys. Lett. 13, 81 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652524 (2 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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By applying mechanical stresses to evaporated Ni films it is possible to shift the ferromagnetic resonance field to such a low value that even at zero field, transverse phonons at 9.4 GHz are generated by magnetostriction.

FAR‐INFRARED PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY IN HIGH‐PURITY EPITAXIAL GaAs

G. E. Stillman, C. M. Wolfe, I. Melngailis, C. D. Parker, P. E. Tannenwald, and J. O. Dimmock

Appl. Phys. Lett. 13, 83 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652525 (2 pages) | Cited 18 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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Extrinsic far‐infrared photoconductivity has been observed at 4.2°K in high‐purity n‐type epitaxial layers of GaAs grown on Cr‐doped semi‐insulating GaAs substrates. Measurements of the responsivity and noise in the detection system at 300 Hz in a 1‐Hz bandwidth yield an NEP of 1.2 × 10−11 W at 195 μ, 1.4 × 10−12 W at 337 μ and 6 × 10−11 W at 902 μ. The time constant of the detector has been determined to be shorter than 1 μsec using a Ge avalanche modulator to chop the incident radiation. A time constant of about 5 nsec has been measured using impact impurity ionization in the GaAs.

THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF LEAD SELF‐SPUTTERING

Hans Henrik Andersen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 13, 85 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652526 (2 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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The sputtering efficiency (i.e. ratio between sputtered energy and impinging ion energy) has been measured for 30–75‐keV lead ions impinging on polycrystalline lead. The results are in good agreement with recent theoretical estimates.

MODE FORMATION AND SELECTION IN A MODIFIED CONFOCAL RESONATOR

Leo Beiser

Appl. Phys. Lett. 13, 87 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652527 (2 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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A resonator having a multiplicity of degenerate fundamental modes was formed of three mirrors in a split confocal arrangement with He☒Ne as the laser active medium. It provided sufficiently low loss at 6328 Å to demonstrate mode selection by translation of an aperture near one end mirror. This configuration was adapted to sensitive measurement of mirror surface nonuniformity.

MASS ANALYSIS OF IONS PRODUCED BY HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT

D. O. Hansen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 13, 89 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652528 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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Ions resulting from the impact of hypervelocity microscopic particles upon a solid Ta target have been analyzed by time‐of‐flight techniques. The impact velocity of the micron‐size and smaller, predominately iron particles (∼98% Fe) ranged from 2 to 45 km∕sec, which corresponds to an energy range of from 1 to 600 eV∕atom. The kinetic energy of the particles is converted into internal energy of an expanding, partially ionized vapor cloud composed of both target and particle material. The energy conversion process occurs on a time scale comparable to that involved in Q‐switched laser beam‐solid target interactions. In addition to ions of both the bulk target and particle materials, a number of other ion groups are observed which are presumed to be impurities from both the particle and target. A tentative model describing the process is discussed.

GUEST‐HOST INTERACTIONS IN NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS. A NEW ELECTRO‐OPTIC EFFECT

G. H. Heilmeier and L. A. Zanoni

Appl. Phys. Lett. 13, 91 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652529 (2 pages) | Cited 210 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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A new electro‐optic effect is presented, based on guest‐host interactions in nematic liquid crystals. The ability of a nematic liquid crystal to cooperatively align in an electric field is used to orient ``guest'' dichroic dye molecules (molecules whose absorption spectrum is a function of the molecular orientation with respect to the polarization of the incident light). Thus one can electrically switch the color of transmitted light using fields of the order of 104 V∕cm.

SHEAR WAVE GENERATION AT MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES UTILIZING EPITAXIAL YIG FILMS ON YAG

J. H. Collins, N. Rubino, H. R. Zapp, J. E. Mee, F. A. Pizzarello, G. R. Pulliam, and T. N. Hamilton

Appl. Phys. Lett. 13, 93 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652530 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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This Letter reports the generation of shear waves at microwave frequencies by magnetically biased epitaxial films of yttrium iron garnet deposited on yttrium aluminum garnet. These acoustic transducers are electronically tunable and permit single echos to be electronically selected from delayed pulse trains.

PLASMA IMPEDANCE ELEMENT IN AN ACTIVE FABRY‐PEROT MICROWAVE RESONATOR

R. C. Ajmera and H. Lashinsky

Appl. Phys. Lett. 13, 96 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652531 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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Experiments are described in which a plasma is used as an impedance element in an active Fabry‐Perot microwave resonator which contains a positive feedback loop. The arrangement functions as a Q multiplier or as an oscillator, with the plasma acting as a power or frequency‐determining element. The characteristics of the active Fabry‐Perot resonator are discussed in connection with diagnostic methods for pulsed and steady‐state plasmas.

A CONFOCAL LONGITUDINAL MODE SELECTOR FOR SINGLE‐FREQUENCY OPERATION OF GAS LASERS

Douglas C. Sinclair

Appl. Phys. Lett. 13, 98 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652532 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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A new type of mode selector is described which uses a short confocal cavity illuminated off‐axis. The mode selector is generally similar to a Fox‐Smith interferometer, but is easier to use, because it does not need to be mode‐matched to the laser. Experimental results obtained using the confocal interferometer with an argon‐ion laser are described.

FREQUENCY SHIFTS DURING GROWTH OF AMPLIFIED ACOUSTIC FLUX IN CdS

I. Balberg and A. Many

Appl. Phys. Lett. 13, 100 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652516 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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A simple experimental procedure based on measurements of the acoustoelectric after‐current is described for estimating the frequency of maximum intensity of the amplified acoustic flux at various stages of its buildup. In CdS, the rapid buildup in flux leading to current saturation is followed by a slower growth which continues until the flux domain leaves the filament. The frequency of maximum intensity coincides initially with the frequency of maximum gain and decreases continuously as the domain propagates down the filament, reaching in a typical case a value ten times smaller.

C AXIS FLIPPING FOR MULTILAYER PIEZOELECTRIC THIN‐FILM TRANSDUCERS

J. de Klerk

Appl. Phys. Lett. 13, 102 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652517 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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A method is described for flipping the direction of the c axes of consecutive active CdS or ZnS layers in multilayer piezoelectric transducers. Such transducers are capable of higher powers, broader bandwidths, and greater conversion efficiencies than either single‐layer films or alternating active∕passive multilayer films.

AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF PROPOSED WATER‐VAPOR LASER TRANSITION ASSIGNMENTS

W. Q. Jeffers

Appl. Phys. Lett. 13, 104 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652518 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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The use of a double resonator with two single‐wavelength paths has allowed experimental study of interactions among lines of a pulsed water‐vapor laser. Twelve recent assignments of laser lines to transitions involving the (001), (100), and (020) states of H2O are confirmed. Ambiguity in the assignment of the line at 47.25 μ has been successfully resolved by this technique.

LIGHT EXTINCTION OF LITHIUM TANTALATE IN LIGHT MODULATION

Kiyoshi Sugibuchi, Hideki Tsuya, and Yoshio Fujino

Appl. Phys. Lett. 13, 107 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652519 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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A theory for light extinction of LiTaO3 in terms of the nonuniformity of its natural birefringence is presented. The local gradient of the natural birefringence is obtained by observing the fringe pattern appearing on the crystal between crossed polarizers, and the extinction ratios are measured using a He☒Ne laser. Agreement between the expected and the observed values is quite good, and simple technique for evaluating the crystal quality for light modulation is established.

VISIBLE CW PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR

R. L. Byer, M. K. Oshman, J. F. Young, and S. E. Harris

Appl. Phys. Lett. 13, 109 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652520 (3 pages) | Cited 26 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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A tunable optical parametric oscillator using a 5145‐Å argon laser as a pump and lithium niobate as the nonlinear material is reported. The oscillator is constructed in a manner such that the total multimode power of the pumping laser is useful for pumping the oscillator. Operation far from degenerate, combined with a relatively long crystal, leads to measured bandwidths of oscillation about ten times less than those previously reported.
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ERRATA: A Simple Analysis of the Propagating Acoustoelectric High Field Domain

E. Mosekilde

Appl. Phys. Lett. 13, 111 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652521 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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ERRATA: Multijoule Pulses from CO2 Lasers

Alan E. Hill

Appl. Phys. Lett. 13, 111 (1968); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652522 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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