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1 Mar 1969

Volume 14, Issue 5, pp. 145-177


PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE FOR SELF‐FOCUSING IN GAS BREAKDOWN PRODUCED BY PICOSECOND LASER PULSES

A. J. Alcock, C. DeMichelis, V. V. Korobkin, and M. C. Richardson

Appl. Phys. Lett. 14, 145 (1969); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652750 (2 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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An investigation of the sparks produced by picosecond pulses from mode‐locked Nd:glass and ruby lasers indicates the existence of breakdown regions of diameter less than 5 μ. These results support the hypothesis that self‐focusing of the beam may be involved in the breakdown process.

SPECTRAL CRITERION FOR MODE LOCKED LASER SIGNALS

John R. Klauder

Appl. Phys. Lett. 14, 147 (1969); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652751 (2 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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A criterion for mode‐locking of laser signals is presented that involves the signal spectrum and the intensity spectrum.

DETERMINATION OF ULTRASHORT PULSE WIDTHS BY TWO‐PHOTON FLUORESCENCE PATTERNS

R. J. Harrach

Appl. Phys. Lett. 14, 148 (1969); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652752 (4 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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The extent that characteristics of intense, ultrashort duration pulses can be determined using the two‐photon fluorescence (TPF) display technique is examined within the framework of a simple model of partial laser mode‐locking. It is found that the contrast ratio in the TPF pattern can give a reliable estimate of the degree of mode‐locking, thereby allowing the fraction of laser beam energy contained in intense pulses and the width of these pulses to be inferred. However, the width of the peak in the TPF pattern varies nonmonotonically with the width of the pulses, and is not a sensitive measure of pulse width. It is argued that a direct measurement of the laser beam intensity profile by a relatively low‐resolution photodiode‐oscilloscope system gives a misleading estimate of the intense pulse content of the beam.

TYPE CONVERSION AND p‐n JUNCTION FORMATION IN ION‐IMPLANTED ZnTe

S. L. Hou, K. Beck, and J. A. Marley

Appl. Phys. Lett. 14, 151 (1969); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652753 (4 pages) | Cited 17 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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Type conversion and p‐n junction formation, produced by the implantation of 400‐keV F+ ions into p‐type ZnTe, have been confirmed by the thermal probe test, photovoltaic effect, I‐V characteristics, Hall effect, and EPR results.

LARGE NONLINEAR OPTICAL COEFFICIENT AND PHASE MATCHED SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION IN LiIO3

G. Nath and S. Haussühl

Appl. Phys. Lett. 14, 154 (1969); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652754 (3 pages) | Cited 61 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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The second harmonic of a Nd laser has been produced in LiIO3 in a phase matching direction of 30° to the c axis with high conversion efficiency. The nonlinear optical coefficient t31 is among the highest so far reported for phase matchable substances using λ = 1.06 μ. LiIO3 can be grown from water solutions with excellent optical quality.

OBSERVATION OF FLUX DISTRIBUTIONS IN THIN FILM TYPE I SUPERCONDUCTORS OF VARYING THICKNESS

Troy Barbee

Appl. Phys. Lett. 14, 156 (1969); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652755 (4 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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The variation of the flux structure with thickness in thin‐film type I superconductors in perpendicular fields has been directly observed. As the film thickness decreases, the flux distribution varies from the intermediate state structure to a mixed state structure of multiply quantized flux lines.

HOLOGRAM RECORDING ON PHOTOPOLYMER MATERIALS

D. H. Close, A. D. Jacobson, J. D. Margerum, R. G. Brault, and F. J. McClung

Appl. Phys. Lett. 14, 159 (1969); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652756 (2 pages) | Cited 41 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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A photosensitive material based on photo‐induced polymerization has been used to record holograms. Exposure of 1 to 30 mJ∕cm2 at 0.694 μ were followed by rapid optical, dry processing with ultraviolet radiation. Good resolution and diffraction efficiencies of up to 45% into the first order were observed.

QUANTUM EFFECTS IN ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE IN InSb

J. R. Apel, T. O. Poehler, and C. R. Westgate

Appl. Phys. Lett. 14, 161 (1969); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652757 (3 pages) | Cited 16 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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Measurements of electron cyclotron resonance in n‐type InSb at 4.2°K have been conducted using far‐infrared laser emission lines at 337 and 311 μm from HCN and 119 μm from H2O. Well‐resolved resonance lines were observed for each wavelength with the apparent effective mass dependent on the magnetic field strength. At 119 μm, a number of subsidiary maxima was observed on the low field side at ωc = ω(laser)∕n where n = 1, 2, …, 6, apparently due to intraband transitions to higher Landau levels.

PROPAGATION AND DIMENSIONAL RESONANCES OF HELICON‐LIKE WAVES IN POWDERED SEMICONDUCTORS AND SEMIMETALS

Frank L. Galeener and Jacek K. Furdyna

Appl. Phys. Lett. 14, 163 (1969); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652758 (4 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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Measurements of microwave transmission through inhomogeneous solid‐state magnetoplasmas formed by InSb, InAs, HgTe, and HgSe powders are discussed and their main features quantitatively explained in terms of a scattering model. The theory asserts that propagation is dominated by magnetic dipole interactions with the grains, caused by dimensional resonances of helicon‐like waves within the particles. These resonances are used to explain the anomalous sense of the strong gyromagnetic behavior observed in these multiply scattering media. Applications in several fields seem likely, including the construction of nonreciprocal microwave devices.

EFFICIENT HOLOGRAPHY USING TEMPORAL MODULATION

Albert Macovski

Appl. Phys. Lett. 14, 166 (1969); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652759 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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A method is shown of recording a hologram without spatially offsetting the reference beam. The temporal frequency of the reference beam is offset and the the resultant intensity pattern is scanned using a television camera. The desired conjugate image signals are separated from the undesired terms using a bandpass filter on the electrical signal. This method significantly reduces the resolution requirements of the hologram recorder.

SHIFT OF A MERCURY LINE BY A HIGH POWER LASER PULSE

Peter Platz

Appl. Phys. Lett. 14, 168 (1969); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652760 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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Light from high‐power lasers perturbs the energy levels of atoms by virtual interaction. The first quantitative measurements of this effect are presented. A light pulse from a Nd laser with a power of 150 MW∕cm2 shifts the 5461‐Å line of mercury towards smaller wavelengths by 0.1 Å.

OBSERVATION OF LOVE WAVE PROPAGATION AT UHF FREQUENCIES

H. Matthews and H. van de Vaart

Appl. Phys. Lett. 14, 171 (1969); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652761 (2 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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Observation of the propagation of 285‐MHz Love waves is reported. The transducers and propagating structure are described.

REFLECTIVITY AND BAND STRUCTURE OF EuO

P. M. Grant and J. C. Suits

Appl. Phys. Lett. 14, 172 (1969); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652762 (3 pages) | Cited 16 times

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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Near‐normal incidence reflectivity of single‐crystal EuO is reported for the energy range 1–9 eV. Results are interpreted in terms of recent band‐structure calculations.

INTERACTION MECHANISMS OF LASER TRANSITIONS IN ARGON AND KRYPTON ION LASER

A. Ferrario, A. Sironi, and A. Sona

Appl. Phys. Lett. 14, 174 (1969); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1652763 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 17 October 2003

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A mechanism is proposed to explain anomalous interaction effects between laser lines in Ar+ and Kr+. Radiative transitions connecting the upper level of the directly modulated laser line and the lower level of the cross‐modulated line are responsible for the anomalous behavior. This mechanism is supported by the presence or the absence of reciprocity in the anomalous interaction related with the presence or the absence of oscillation on the connecting transition, by the strong ``out‐of‐phase'' cross modulation on the connecting transition, and by the lack of upper‐level pumping processes suitable for explaining the anomalous interaction.
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