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15 Mar 1970

Volume 16, Issue 6, pp. 227-255


FORMATION OF VACANCY PITS ON THE SURFACE OF METALS ON QUENCH ANNEALING

B. K. Tariyal and B. Ramaswami

Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 227 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653171 (2 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Pits appear on the electropolished surface of Al‐0. 0045 % Sn alloy on quenching in liquid nitrogen followed by annealing at room temperature. These pits exhibit all the features of vacancy pits, which appear on cooling from high temperatures. It is suggested that these pits form by the migration of excess vacancies from the interior to the surface, and by the nucleation of pits at the sites of nonhomogeneity at the oxide‐metal interface.

DEFLECTING OF LIGHT BEAMS USING A GRADIENT OF THE INDEX OF REFRACTION IN SEMICONDUCTING GLASSES

K. W. Böer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 228 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653172 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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A method is described for deflecting narrow light beams, using the gradient of the index of refraction due to a temperature gradient in a current channel, in a semiconducting glass, or near a heated wire in a glass or liquid. Independent xy laser beam deflections of more than 10° have been achieved with this method.

CURRENT CAPACITIES OF SUPERCONDUCTING V3Ga TAPES IN HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS

K. Tachikawa and Y. Iwasa

Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 230 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653173 (2 pages) | Cited 16 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Current‐carrying capacities at 4.2°K of various superconducting V3Ga tapes produced by a new diffusion process have been measured in transverse magnetic fields up to 215 kG. Effects of heat‐treatment temperature and addition of zirconium are presented.

ANALYSIS OF SILICON NITRIDE LAYERS ON SILICON BY BACKSCATTERING AND CHANNELING EFFECT MEASUREMENTS

J. Gyulai, O. Meyer, J. W. Mayer, and V. Rodriguez

Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 232 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653174 (3 pages) | Cited 19 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Backscattering and channeling effect measurements with MeV 4He ions were used to determine the depth dependence of the composition of amorphous silicon nitride layers on single‐crystal silicon. The composition was stoichiometric over the entire layer for high ratios of NH3 to SiH4 used in the deposition reaction at 850°C. For lower ratios, a silicon excess was found, and in extreme cases, the silicon excess was located predominantly near the interface.

HOLOGRAPHY OF RANDOMLY MOVING OBJECTS

H. J. Caulfield

Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 234 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653175 (2 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Mottier's technique of matching the reference beam modulation to the object beam modulation is shown to be a special case of local reference beam (LRB) holography. A hand‐held object beam mirror is used to produce a good LRB hologram. A new form of LRB holographic interferometry, which measures the changes with respect to a preselected part of the object, is discussed.

PRELIMINARY PERFORMANCE OF A cw CHEMICAL LASER

D. J. Spencer, H. Mirels, T. A. Jacobs, and R. W. E. Gross

Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 235 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653176 (3 pages) | Cited 23 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Preliminary performance of a cw chemical laser is presented. Hydrogen is diffused into a supersonic stream containing F atoms. Population inversion is due to the reaction H2+F→ HF(v)+H, ΔH=−31.7 kcal∕mole, v=1, 2. An atomic F flow rate of 0.030 moles∕sec has produced 475 W of laser power in the 3‐μ region. This represents 12% of the chemical energy involved in the above reaction. Zero power gain is 8%∕cm. Spectroscopic observations of laser transitions are included.

CARBON MONOXIDE FORMATION IN CO2 LASERS

W. J. Wiegand, M. C. Fowler, and J. A. Benda

Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 237 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653177 (3 pages) | Cited 27 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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The rate of CO2 dissociation in a flowing CO2 laser discharge has been measured. This rate is consistent with published cross sections for direct electron impact dissociation when averaged over the appropriate electron energy distribution. The dissociation process in the flowing gas discharge is found to result in an axial variation of plasma properties and of the laser medium. Implications of the CO variation for many conventionally operated CO2 lasers are discussed.

NARROW CURIE‐POINT SWITCHING TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS IN Mn☒Bi FILMS

G. Lewicki and J. E. Guisinger

Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 240 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653178 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Mn☒Bi films can be prepared such that the magnetic field controlling Curie‐point switching is on the order of 30 Oe.

SPONTANEOUS PARAMETRIC SCATTERING OF LIGHT IN LiIO3

A. J. Campillo and C. L. Tang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 242 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653179 (3 pages) | Cited 27 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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See Also: Erratum

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cw spontaneous parametric scattering in LiIO3 has been observed. The results show that the nonlinear coefficient d31 for LiIO3 is ∼18×10−9 esu. The ordinary index of refraction curve for this crystal has also been determined from 1.2μ past the ir‐absorption edge at 5.4μ to near 7μ; no resonance in the nonlinear susceptibility was found near this particular absorption band.

InAsP☒Cs2O, A HIGH‐EFFICIENCY INFRARED‐PHOTOCATHODE

H. Sonnenberg

Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 245 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653180 (2 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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The response of an InAs0.15P0.85☒Cs2O photoemitter in the spectral range from 0.4 to 1.1μ is experimentally investigated. The 0.8% quantum efficiency obtained at 1.06μ represents more than an order of magnitude improvement in yield over existing S‐1 photosurfaces. The physical principle upon which this photoemitter is based is discussed in terms of a simple energy‐level diagram.

BEHAVIOR OF SOLENOIDS IN TYPE I SUPERCONDUCTING SHIELD TUBES

Donald G. Schweitzer and M. Garber

Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 246 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653181 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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A model is described which accounts for the observed properties of solenoids in superconducting shield tubes.

THOMSON SCATTERING DIAGNOSTICS OF LASER‐PRODUCED ALUMINUM PLASMAS

T. V. George, A. G. Engelhardt, and C. DeMichelis

Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 248 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653182 (4 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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A 2‐J, 20‐nsec, Q‐switched ruby laser has produced plasmas from isolated single aluminum spheres 80μm in radius. The plasma is probed by a second laser 60–200nsec later, and scattered light is detected at 90° by a multichannel system. Electron temperature and density measurements are reported.

ABSOLUTE FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS OF THE CO2 cw LASER AT 28 THz (10.6μm)

K. M. Evenson, J. S. Wells, and L. M. Matarrese

Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 251 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653183 (3 pages) | Cited 37 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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The two highest cw absolute frequency measurements as yet reported are described. Frequencies of the P(18) and P(20) 10.6‐μm lines from a cwCO2 laser were found to be 28.359800 THz and 28.306251 THz±0.000025 THz, respectively. The frequencies were measured by beating each of these lines with 3.8‐THz (78μm) and 10.7‐THz (28μm) radiation from a water vapor laser and a 26‐ to 28‐GHz klystron in a tungsten‐on‐nickel point contact diode.

PIEZOELECTRIC SURFACE WAVES IN CUBIC AND ORTHORHOMBIC CRYSTALS

C.‐C. Tseng

Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 253 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653184 (3 pages) | Cited 20 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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The existence of a piezoelectric surface wave, which does not arise in nonpiezoelectric materials has been reported in hexagonal crystals by Bleustein and Gulyaev. In this letter, similar waves are reported to exist in cubic crystals of 23 and 43m classes and orthorhombic crystals of mm2 class. Velocity equations for the piezoelectric surface waves in these symmetry classes are presented. It has been demonstrated that the velocities are always smaller than the piezoelectrically stiffened but always larger than the unstiffened bulk shear waves in the corresponding direction of propagation. Numerical results for the particular examples of Bi12GeO20(23) and Ba2NaNb5O15(mm2) are also presented.
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ERRATUM: SUBPICOSECOND PULSE GENERATION USING THE OPTICAL KERR EFFECT

Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 255 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653185 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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