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15 Dec 1970

Volume 17, Issue 12, pp. 507-542


CHARGING OF POLYMER FOILS WITH MONOENERGETIC LOW‐ENERGY ELECTRON BEAMS

G. M. Sessler and J. E. West

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 507 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653287 (3 pages) | Cited 43 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Results of charge deposition on 12.7 and 25.4‐μm polymer foils with 10‐ to 40‐keV monoenergetic electron beams are reported. The trapped charges have densities of about 10−7 C∕cm2, with a uniformity of ± 5% over the bombarded area. The time constants of the charge decay are typically of the order of tens of years. Thermally stimulated currents show a more densely populated high‐temperature portion than for foils charged with other methods.

APPLICATION OF MICROWAVE HOLOGRAPHY IN THE STUDY OF THE FIELD FROM A RADIATING SOURCE

Keigo Iizuka and Loris G. Gregoris

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 509 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653288 (4 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Microwave holography is applied to the investigation of the radiation mechanism of a monopole. It is shown that a radiating monopole can be described mathematically as two point sources located at each end of the monopole. A microwave hologram was recorded using liquid crystals which upon optical reconstruction yielded two points as predicted by the theory. Using optical techniques, one can visualize the field at the antenna plane, at a plane in the Fresnel zone, and at a plane in the far field. This technique is, however, only one example of microwave holography in the investigation of a radiator. It can be very useful in designing any type of antenna.

MAGNETIC MIRROR PROBE METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ANISOTROPY OF ELECTRON TEMPERATURE IN A MAGNETIZED PLASMA

N. Yamamoto and Y. Hatta

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 512 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653289 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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See Also: Erratum

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We propose a magnetic mirror probe method for measurement of the electron temperatures of a magnetized plasma parallel and perpendicular to a magnetic field. The most simple magnetic mirror probe is introduced which is made of ferromagnetic spherical metal.

PREMIXED cw CHEMICAL LASER

C. J. Buczek, R. J. Freiberg, J. J. Hinchen, P. P. Chenausky, and R. J. Wayne

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 514 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653290 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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cw laser action has been achieved in both HF and DF by employing entirely premixed gases in a cross‐field discharge geometry. An electrical discharge, established in the He, SF6, and H2 or D2 mixture upstream and parallel to the optical axis, dissociates the SF6 producing the free fluorine which chemically reacts with the H2 or D2 to produce the excited specie. Output powers up to 0.8 W in HF have been achieved. Operating characteristics, including output power versus gas flow velocity and spectroscopic data, are reported.

ISOTOPE SEPARATION WITH THE cw HYDROGEN FLUORIDE LASER

S. W. Mayer, M. A. Kwok, R. W. F. Gross, and D. J. Spencer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 516 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653291 (4 pages) | Cited 35 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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A cw hydrogen fluoride laser has been used successfully to separate deuterium from hydrogen by specific photocatalysis of the reaction of methanol with bromine. The strong absorption of H3COH was demonstrated for the HF laser lines P1(5), P1(6), and P1(7) while no absorption by deutero‐methanol of the HF beam was observed. Excitation of H2COH by the absorbed beam increased the rate of H3COH removal by reaction with bromine. Irradiation, at 90 W for 60 sec, with the cw hydrogen fluoride laser of a 1 : 1 H3COH : D3COD gas mixture in the presence of bromine produced isotope enrichment to greater than 95% D3COD.

ELECTRO‐OPTIC ELIMINATION OF SPATIAL HOLE BURNING IN LASERS

H. G. Danielmeyer and E. H. Turner

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 519 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653292 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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By modulating the position of the standing‐wave field inside the laser cavity electro‐optically with certain discrete amplitudes, the population inversion can be made uniform for all positions along the axis. This produces spontaneous single‐frequency output for homogeneously broadened lasers. It is shown experimentally that maximum stable single‐frequency operation of a Nd : YAG laser can be obtained with this technique. Simultaneous doubling of the single frequency is also observed.

ION CONVERSION IN XENON AFTERGLOW PLASMAS

A. K. Bhattacharya

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 521 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653293 (2 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Mass‐identified measurements of the time dependence of the density of atomic xenon ions in decaying plasmas are reported. The measurements yield a mobility μ0(Xe+) = 0.66 cm2 V−1 sec−1 for Xe+ in xenon, and for the rate of conversion of Xe+ into Xe2+, a value of 1.8×10−31 cm6 sec−1 at a gas temperature of 300°K.

HIGH‐RESOLUTION LASER DOPPLER VELOCITY MEASUREMENT OF BIDIRECTIONAL PULSATILE FLUID FLOW

Otto Lanz, Curtis C. Johnson, and Satsuki Morikawa

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 523 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653294 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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A laser Doppler heterodyning system has been developed for localized measurement of the magnitude and direction of time‐varying fluid flow velocity. Directional sensitivity is achieved by shifting the frequency of the reference laser beam by an acoustical diffraction cell. A Doppler frequency shift proportional to fluid flow velocity is obtained by heterodyning the scattered laser light with a frequency‐shifted reference laser beam. Experimental results for time‐varying flow velocity in perturbed flow sections are presented.

RESISTIVITY OF POLYCRYSTALLINE ALUMINUM AND COPPER IN HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS: THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND PURITY

F. R. Fickett

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 525 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653295 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Data are presented on the resistivity of polycrystalline aluminum and copper at 40 kOe and at temperatures from 4 to 30 K. Specimen purity varies over three decades of residual resistance ratio. For either metal, the actual resistivity measured in the field at a given temperature decreases with increasing specimen purity. This result is important for proposed high magnetic field applications of these metals.

CHEMICAL QUENCHING OF THE TRIPLET STATE IN FLASHLAMP‐EXCITED LIQUID ORGANIC LASERS

J. B. Marling, D. W. Gregg, and L. Wood

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 527 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653296 (4 pages) | Cited 19 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Greatly improved lasing of flashlamp‐excited organic dyes has been achieved by collisionally deexciting the triplet state of dye molecules with newly discovered chemical additives. Experimental results show the quantitative improvement of several principal organic lasing compounds when they are placed in solution with chemical additives. An explanation of the deexcitation mechanism is offered; the criteria for selecting proper chemical additives are listed.

DEFORMATION OF CHOLESTERIC LIQUID CRYSTALS WITH LOW THRESHOLD VOLTAGE

W. Helfrich

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 531 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653297 (2 pages) | Cited 84 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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It is shown theoretically that the orientation pattern of cholesteric liquid crystals can be less stable in electric and magnetic fields than was previously thought. Specifically, the planar texture between two conducting glass plates may become unstable at voltages much below those needed to unwind the cholesteric helix.

IMPROVED MAGNETIC BUBBLE MOBILITY BY X‐RAY IRRADIATION

P. Eisenberger, P. H. Schmidt, and E. M. Walters

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 533 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653298 (2 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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An investigation of the effect of x‐ray irradiation on magnetic bubble materials shows that an improvement in bubble mobility of up to a factor of 5 over intrinsically grown crystalline samples can be achieved. Conditions for the improvement of the bubble mobility are presented.

CIRCUIT‐CONTROLLED CURRENT INSTABILITIES IN n‐GaAs

M. P. Shaw, P. R. Solomon, and H. L. Grubin

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 535 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653299 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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A theoretical analysis of an inhomogeneous n‐GaAs element with low cathode boundary fields in a series L‐parallel C circuit shows that, for this circuit, the dominant mode of circuit‐controlled oscillation is the quenched multiple dipole relaxation mode. LSA relaxation oscillations occur only for a narrow range of circuit parameters and LSA sinusoidal voltage oscillations are excluded, even for elements with small doping fluctuations. This produces an upper frequency limit for circuit control which must be considered in addition to that imposed by finite intervalley relaxation times. We report experimental results that are in qualitative agreement with theory.

OFF‐RESONANCE ELECTRONIC RAMAN SCATTERING OF FREQUENCY‐DOUBLED Nd LASER RADIATION BY EXCITED MERCURY ATOMS

P. Platz

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 537 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653300 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Excited mercury atoms in an electrodeless discharge are exposed to high‐power radiation at 5289 Å obtained by frequency‐doubling the output of a Q‐switched Nd : glass laser. A very weak line is detected at 4250 Å and described to a Raman transition from the 63 P2 to the 63 P1 state.

SELF‐INDUCED THERMAL LENS EFFECT IN CCl4 IN THE PRESENCE OF BEAM MOTION

R. J. Hull, P. L. Kelley, and R. L. Carman

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 539 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653301 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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The effect of transverse beam motion on the thermal lens effect in a liquid is studied. The beam intensity is found to peak as a function of speed of motion and to fall considerably below the value expected from linear optics for very slow speeds.
FREE

ERRATA: STANDING WAVE SATURATION RESONANCES IN THE CO2 10.6‐μ TRANSITIONS OBSERVED IN A LOW‐PRESSURE ROOM‐TEMPERATURE ABSORBER GAS

Charles Freed and Ali Javan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 541 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653302 (1 page) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Abstract Unavailable
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ERRATA: PULSED BEHAVIOR AND INVERSION MECHANISM IN THE CARBON MONOXIDE LASER

W. J. Graham, J. Kershenstein, J. T. Jensen, and K. Kershenstein

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 541 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653303 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Abstract Unavailable
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ERRATA: ELECTROMIGRATION‐INDUCED FAILURES IN ALUMINUM FILM CONDUCTORS

J. C. Blair, P. B. Ghate, and C. T. Haywood

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 541 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653304 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Abstract Unavailable
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