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15 Aug 1970

Volume 17, Issue 4, pp. 137-179


BULK DIFFUSION OF PHOSPHORUS IN SILICON IN HYDROGEN ATMOSPHERE

R. N. Ghoshtagore

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 137 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653338 (2 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Phosphorus‐32 has been diffused into (111), float‐zone, silicon in hydrogen atmosphere from an epitaxially grown P‐32‐doped silicon source layer. P‐32 concentration profiles obtained show Fickian behavior and provide much lower diffusion coefficients than reported in the literature using oxide dopant sources on a free surface.

SPECTROSCOPIC DETECTION OF SO2 AND CO2 MOLECULES IN POLLUTED ATMOSPHERE BY LASER‐RAMAN RADAR TECHNIQUE

Takao Kobayasi and Humio Inaba

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 139 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653339 (3 pages) | Cited 27 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Raman backscatter of a Q‐switched ruby laser beam from SO2 and CO2 molecules were selectively detected in the polluted atmosphere by means of a laser‐Raman radar system. The spectrum of these Raman components was compared quantitatively with that for the ordinary and sulphur dioxide atmospheres, along with the estimation of relative concentrations of these molecules.

SWITCHING AND MEMORY IN ZnSe☒Ge HETEROJUNCTIONS

H. J. Hovel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 141 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653340 (3 pages) | Cited 25 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Heterojunctions of nZnSe☒pGe switched from a high impedance to low in 100 nsec when a threshold voltage is exceeded. Resetting occurs in the opposite bias direction in 10 nsec after sufficient current is applied. Either state is maintained with all bias removed for a minimum of two weeks.

INTERACTION OF A MONOENERGETIC NITROGEN MOLECULAR BEAM WITH A SOLID NITROGEN SURFACE

Fred Arnold, Ronald Dawbarn, and M. R. Busby

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 144 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653341 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Capture coefficients and reflected flux distributions have been measured for nitrogen molecular beams impinging on solid nitrogen surfaces. For a beam intensity of 1.53×1016 molecules∕sec cm2 and incident energies from 0.44 to 0.76 eV, the capture coefficient was found to decrease with increasing angle of incidence as measured from the surface normal. The angle of maximum reflected intensity was approximately 75° from the surface normal and independent of incident angle and energy. Transient effects were observed for surfaces without a previous cryodeposit.

TIME OF FLIGHT OF IONS IN AN INHOMOGENEOUS OSCILLATORY ELECTRIC FIELD

J. P. Carrico, L. D. Ferguson, and R. K. Mueller

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 146 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653342 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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The measurement of the time of flight of ions in an inhomogeneous oscillatory electric field is used to spearate ions of different mass‐to‐charge ratios. Analytical and experimental results are reported.

USE OF ASYMMETRIC DIFFRACTION IN X‐RAY TOPOGRAPHY TO REVEAL INTERFACIAL STRAIN

Edward J. Saccocio

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 149 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653343 (2 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Perimeters only of thin films have heretofore been observed on crystal substrates by x‐ray topography. It has been found that the entire film∕crystal interface can be exhibited in like fashion if asymmetric diffraction is used to produce the topograph.

HETERODYNE DETECTION OF 10.6‐μ RADIATION BY METAL‐TO‐METAL POINT CONTACT DIODES

R. L. Abrams and W. B. Gandrud

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 150 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653344 (3 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Optical heterodyne detection of 10.6‐μ radiation has been performed with metal‐to‐metal point contact diodes, using a 30‐MHz IF. The minimum detectable power of 9.1×10−14 W∕Hz is the lowest value ever reported at 10μ for a room‐temperature detector operating at megahertz frequencies.

ENHANCED LIGHT EMISSION FROM A POSITIVE COLUMN BY MEANS OF CURRENT MODULATION

J. Polman and J. E. van der Werf

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 153 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653345 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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It is shown that the light emission of the positive column of a low‐pressure are discharge and its efficiency can be enhanced, up to a factor of 6, by pulsing or modulating the discharge current with a repetition time (or modulation period) between the diffusion time τD and the energy relaxation time τE of the electrons (τD ≫ τE). Calculations indicate this phenomenon to be due to an increase of the number of electrons in the high‐energy tail of the energy distribution function, as compared with that of a steady‐state discharge.

INFLUENCE OF SAMPLE PREPARATION AND SPATIAL DEPENDENCE OF THE MICROWAVE EMISSION FROM n‐InSb

Helmut Heinrich and Peter Kokoschinegg

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 155 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653346 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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The microwave emission from n‐InSb was measured at 1.5 GHz in order to obtain information about the strong anisotropy observed when B is rotated in the transverse plane. It was found that the preparation technique has a great influence on the emission. Cylindrical samples with etched surfaces behave isotropically; purposely introduced surface damage by sandblasting a narrow strip parallel to the sample axis reduced the emission for the case that B is normal to the blasted area. Generation of the emission occurs in the whole sample.

SPATIALLY RESOLVED GAIN MEASUREMENTS IN A FLOWING CO2 AMPLIFIER

A. K. McQuillan and A. I. Carswell

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 158 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653347 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Spatially resolved gain measurements at 10.6μ have been made transverse to the discharge in an axially flowing CO2 laser amplifier. These show a nonuniform gain throughout the discharge with maximum gain at the upstream end of the positive column. Increasing the flow velocity shifts the gain profile and leads to an over‐all increase in gain. Spatial intensity profiles of the sidelight emission of CO2 at 4.3μ, CO at 0.48 and 2.3 μ, and N2 at 3371 Å are shown.

MEASUREMENT OF THE LOWER‐LEVEL POPULATION OF THE ARGON ION LASER USING LASER‐INDUCED POPULATION CHANGES

T. F. Johnston

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 161 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653348 (4 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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A method is described for determining the inversion ratio on a laser transition from measurements of laser‐induced changes in the upper level population. This method is used to determine the lower‐level population of the 4880‐Å transition in the argon ion laser as a function of tube current, axial magnetic field, and fill pressure.

THE NERNST DETECTOR: FAST THERMAL RADIATION DETECTION

E. R. Washwell, S. R. Hawkins, and K. F. Cuff

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 164 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653349 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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A thermal radiation detector based on the Nernst effect is capable of relatively high‐speed operation without loss of responsivity or detectivity (D*) over its low‐frequency values. The effective decoupling of the responsivity and thermal time constant is the result of the specific characteristics of the Nernst effect. Results are presented for materials having optimum properties for operation at room temperature (Bi), as well as lower temperatures (Bi97Sb3).

HYSTERESIS IN THE dc SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS OF JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS

W. C. Scott

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 166 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653350 (4 pages) | Cited 24 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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The driven‐pendulum model for superconducting tunnel junctions, if solved using the true quasiparticle tunneling curve as the damping term, yields solutions for the observed hysteresis in the dc‐IV characteristic which are in very good agreement with experimental data.

FABRY‐PEROT STRUCTURE AlxGa1−xAs INJECTION LASERS WITH ROOM‐TEMPERATURE THRESHOLD CURRENT DENSITIES OF 2530 A∕cm2

H. Kressel and F. Z. Hawrylo

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 169 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653351 (3 pages) | Cited 19 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Heterojunction injection lasers of (AlGa) As have been made with room‐temperature threshold current densities ∼3 times lower than previously reported devices emitting in the same spectral range. Fabry‐Perot structure lasers with Jth as low as 2530 A∕cm2 emitting at ∼8800 Å are described. The improved performance is partly due to a very high optical gain coefficient resulting from a high doping level in an exceptionally narrow lasing region (0.8μ).

FOURIER TRANSFORM HOLOGRAMS OF THREE‐DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS

S. C. Som and R. A. Lessard

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 171 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653352 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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A method has been discussed which enables the formation of the Fourier transform hologram of a three‐dimensional object scene such that the reconstructed image is also three‐dimensional in nature showing, say, parallax effect. Supporting experimental result has been presented.

STORAGE OF HOLOGRAMS IN A FERROELECTRIC‐PHOTOCONDUCTOR DEVICE

S. A. Keneman, G. W. Taylor, A. Miller, and W. H. Fonger

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 173 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653353 (3 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Optical holographic storage and pattern storage have been demonstrated in an integrated ferroelectric‐photoconductor device (Bi4Ti3O12☒ZnSe). The device has nondestructive readout and is erasable. Gratings as fine as 1.26μ were stored. Recording sensitivity was approximately 10μJ∕mm2. Diffraction readout efficiencies of approximately 0.01% were measured.

COBALT‐SAMARIUM PERMANENT MAGNETS PREPARED BY LIQUID PHASE SINTERING

M. G. Benz and D. L. Martin

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 176 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653354 (2 pages) | Cited 32 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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The preparation and measurement of magnetic properties of cobalt‐samarium permanent magnets prepared by liquid‐phase sintering are discussed. Energy products in excess of 15×106 G Oe were observed. Long time exposure to air at 150°C did not degrade the samples.

PHOTOLUMINESCENCE IN Bi12SiO20 AND Bi12GeO20

R. B. Lauer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 178 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653355 (2 pages) | Cited 36 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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A red photoluminescence emission band peaking at 1.95 eV is reported for Bi12SiO20 and Bi12GeO20. The mechanism for exciting the luminescence transition is considered, and a tentative model for the luminescence center is proposed. It is suggested that the most likely mode of excitation involves resonance transfer of energy from excitons to the luminescence center by means of a radiationless process followed by subsequent light emission from the luminescence center.
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