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15 Sep 1970

Volume 17, Issue 6, pp. 231-268


SHORT‐TIME MODE BEHAVIOR OF GaAs LASERS

H. P. Weber and D. Gloge

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 231 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653377 (2 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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GaAs lasers are known to emit spectra containing many axial modes, but it has not been established whether these oscillate simultaneously or sequentially in time. Analysis of some earlier experimental results obtained by intensity interferometry indicate that the intensity fluctuates on a picosecond time scale and hence that the axial modes must be oscillating concurrently. However, they are not mode locked.

OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATION IN PROUSTITE

E. O. Ammann and J. M. Yarborough

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 233 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653378 (3 pages) | Cited 22 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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The nonlinear material proustite (Ag3 AsS3) has been employed in an optical parametric oscillator. The oscillator is pumped by the 1.06‐μ output from a repetitively Q‐switched Nd : YAG laser and has signal and idler outputs near 2.1μ. Operation of the oscillator is described and the results of optical parametric fluorescence experiments are given. The primary limitation on the operation of the oscillator is surface damage to the proustite crystal.

SOFT X‐RAY TUBE FOR ELECTROSTATIC CYLINDRICAL ELECTRON SPECTROGRAPHS

H. Ratinen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 235 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653379 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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The soft x‐ray tube with the aluminum anode, for photoelectron spectroscopy with a cylindrical electron spectrograph, has been constructed and tested. The construction permits 20 mm distance between the tube anode and the sample. The testing anode voltage was 5 kV and anode currents 2.5, 5, and 7.5 mA. The stability of the tube was satisfactory. During the test of 5.5h for each current the contamination of the anode surface, caused by the oil from the diffusion pump, decreased the intensity of the tube 10–20%.

ELECTRON LOCAL‐MODE PHONON INTERACTION IN METAL‐INSULATOR‐SEMICONDUCTOR TUNNEL JUNCTIONS

L. B. Schein and W. Dale Compton

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 236 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653381 (4 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Interactions between tunneling electrons and a variety of phonons have been previously reported in MIS tunnel junctions including zone boundary phonons, the k = 0 longitudinal optical phonon, and the B local‐mode phonon. We report here the observation of interactions between the tunneling electron and the local‐mode phonon associated with N in n‐type SiC and P, O, and perhaps C and C☒O in n‐type Si. The data in SiC suggest that the interaction with the tunneling electrons arise from N substituted for Si atoms. The identification of the local modes in Si is based on agreement with infrared absorption measurements, by observation of at least two local‐mode peaks for each impurity, and a correlation between the strength of the interaction and the concentration of P and O impurities present in various crystals.

TUNABLE DYE LASER WITH NARROW SPECTRAL OUTPUT

H. Walther and J. L. Hall

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 239 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653382 (4 pages) | Cited 35 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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A tunable dye laser with narrow‐banded spectral output in the order of 0.01 Å or smaller is described. This narrow spectral output is obtained by means of a birefringent filter (Lyot filter) which was inserted into the laser cavity. The properties of this laser setup have been investigated and are described.

MEASUREMENTS OF PHOTOELECTRIC COUNTING DISTRIBUTIONS FOR A LASER NEAR THRESHOLD

D. Meltzer, W. Davis, and L. Mandel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 242 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653383 (4 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Photoelectric counting probabilities have been measured for a laser operating near the threshold of oscillation, for various values of the pump parameter and various counting time intervals. The results are compared with values derived from the recent calculations of Lax and Zwanziger (based on the rotating‐wave van der Pol oscillator model of a laser) and show very good agreement.

cw OPERATION OF AN ORGANIC DYE SOLUTION LASER

O. G. Peterson, S. A. Tuccio, and B. B. Snavely

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 245 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653384 (3 pages) | Cited 86 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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A cw laser using a 2.5×10−4 M solution of rhodamine 6G in water containing a deaggregating agent (1.5% Triton‐X100) is described. The laser consists of a 4.5‐mm transverse‐flow hemispherical cavity excited longitudinally by the 5145‐Å output of a 1‐W argon ion laser. With mirror reflectances of 97.5% and 99.5%, a 200‐mW threshold excitation was measured. Power output was approximately 30 mW at 597 nm with 960 mW excitation power.

SOME INITIAL OBSERVATIONS OF TiNi IN THE FIELD‐ION MICROSCOPE

A. J. Melmed and J. J. Carroll

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 247 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653385 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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It is demonstrated that TiNi specimens can be successfully imaged with the field‐ion microscope using liquid‐nitrogen cooling, with hydrogen as the imaging gas. The material examined is shown to be structurally inhomogeneous, with relatively well‐ordered regions in a less‐ordered matrix. It is also shown that alternate atomic planes are different within some ordered regions.

cw SUBMILLIMETER LASER ACTION IN OPTICALLY PUMPED METHYL FLUORIDE, METHYL ALCOHOL, AND VINYL CHLORIDE GASES

T. Y. Chang, T. J. Bridges, and E. G. Burkhardt

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 249 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653386 (3 pages) | Cited 56 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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cw laser action is obtained on two lines in methyl fluoride, three lines in vinyl chloride, and 23 lines in methyl alcohol by optically pumping the gases with various lines of the CO2 laser. The laser wavelengths range from 70 to 700 μm.

CONDUCTANCE MODULATION IN A COUPLED SEMICONDUCTOR‐PIEZOELECTRIC SYSTEM

C. Fischler, J. Zucker, and E. M. Conwell

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 252 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653387 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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We have observed reductions of as much as 75% in the current in thin silicon plates measured transverse to the propagation direction of elastic waves in a contiguous plate of PZT. Evidence is given that this is due to trapping of free carriers at the surfaces of the silicon plate. This effect can reduce the gain of surface wave amplifiers at high power.

DIRECT OBSERVATION OF SINGLE‐DOMAIN SrTiO3

T. S. Chang, J. F. Holzrichter, G. F. Imbusch, and A. L. Schawlow

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 254 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653388 (4 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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A single‐domain SrTiO3 crystal is obtained by stressing along the [110] direction at 2°K and is observed optically for the first time. Domain structure under [001] stress is also examined. The importance of understanding the domain structure is discussed.

EXTENSION OF LASER HARMONIC‐FREQUENCY MIXING INTO THE 5‐μ REGIONS

D. R. Sokoloff, A. Sanchez, R. M. Osgood, and A. Javan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 257 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653389 (3 pages) | Cited 30 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Using laser harmonic‐frequency mixing in a metal‐metal point‐contact diode, absolute frequency measurement is extended into the 5‐μ region. The frequency of the P(13) transition of the 7–6 vibrational band in CO is measured to be 58 024 341 ± 55 MHz.

LONGITUDINAL MODES IN A HIGH‐GAIN LASER

Lee Casperson and Amnon Yariv

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 259 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653390 (3 pages) | Cited 33 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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In lasers employing high‐gain narrow‐linewidth transitions the theory predicts major departures of the mode‐splitting frequencies from their low‐gain values as well as a new type of mode splitting. The first of these effects consisting of a reduction by a factor of 2.5 of the mode splitting in a xenon 3.51‐μ laser is observed experimentally.

MOLYBDENUM FILMS AS PARTIAL DIFFUSION MASKS IN MOS PROCESSING

Ahmed El‐Hoshy, Dale M. Brown, and William E. Engeler

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 261 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653391 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Thin molybdenum films ∼1000 Å deposited on thermal SO2 grown on Si are observed to act as partial masks for B diffusion. B‐doped glass is used as a diffusion source. Detection of the diffusion front is through measuring C‐V curves for the MOS structure with molybdenum as the metal electrode. The above process is used to fabricate low threshold enhancement mode and depletion mode p‐channel MOSFET's in one diffusion step.

ORIENTATION EFFECTS IN THE RESISTIVITY OF Ta FILMS SPUTTERED IN OXYGEN

W. D. Westwood

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 264 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653392 (2 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Tantalum films deposited by sputtering in an O☒Ar mixture consist of the tetragonal β phase. As the flow rate of the mixture into the sputtering system increases, the preferred‐growth orientation changes from (200) to (202) and the resistivity ρ increases from 265 to 1100μΩ‐cm. The value of Δρ∕ΔT decreases monotonically with increasing (202) orientation, suggesting that the electrical properties are due to the β‐Ta phase rather than to intergrain tunneling.

DEFLECTION OF AN OPTICAL GUIDED WAVE BY A SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE

L. Kuhn, M. L. Dakss, P. F. Heidrich, and B. A. Scott

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 265 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653393 (3 pages) | Cited 60 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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The experimental demonstration of deflection of an optical film‐guided wave by a surface acoustic wave is reported. When Bragg conditions are satisfied, 0.18 W acoustic power gives rise to 66% deflection efficiency as measured by the depletion of the incident optical guided wave.
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ERRATA: GRATING COUPLER FOR EFFICIENT EXCITATION OF OPTICAL GUIDED WAVES IN THIN FILMS

M. L. Dakss, L. Kuhn, P. F. Heidrich, and B. A. Scott

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 268 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653394 (1 page) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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Abstract Unavailable
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ERRATA: INFLUENCE OF IMPURITIES ON Si(111) SURFACE STRUCTURES

R. N. Thomas and M. H. Francombe

Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 268 (1970); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653395 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2003

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