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1 Feb 1971

Volume 18, Issue 3, pp. 69-103


BACKGROUND ENERGY CONTENT OF MODE‐LOCKED LASER PULSES

George Dube'

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 69 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653568 (2 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Amplified isolated mode‐locked pulses from a Nd: glass laser were measured to have a signal‐to‐noise ratio greater than 104: 1. It is concluded that less than 5% of the laser's total energy output is emitted in the intervals between the subnanosecond pulses, and that there is no nanosecond shoulder on the leading edges of the subnanosecond pulses.

ENHANCEMENT OF OPTICAL SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION BY UTILIZING THE DISPERSION OF AIR

J. M. Yarborough, J. Falk, and C. B. Hitz

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 70 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653569 (4 pages) | Cited 27 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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The dispersion of air, which causes a phase shift of 27.4°∕cm between optical waves at 1.06 and 0.53 μ, has been used to compensate for phase shifts between the fundamental and second harmonic in a two‐pass second harmonic generation experiment. Use of this dispersion enables the net phase shift to be adjusted to zero, doubling the effective interaction length of the nonlinear crystal. The extension of this technique to multiple‐pass experiments is discussed, and applications to internal harmonic generation are treated.

INVESTIGATION OF A CO2 LASER PULSE AMPLIFIER

Alan C. Eckbreth, Jack W. Davis, and Edward A. Pinsley

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 73 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653570 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Theory for the adaptation of a N2☒CO2 electric‐discharge mixing laser (EDML) for use as an amplifier of 10.6‐μ laser pulses is described, and the results of an experimental investigation of an EDML pulse amplifier are reported.

FORWARD GOING FILAMENT IN SPARKS INDUCED BY 10.6‐μ LASER RADIATION

M. Gravel, W. J. Robertson, A. J. Alcock, K. Büchl, and M. C. Richardson

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 75 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653571 (3 pages) | Cited 20 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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An investigation of sparks produced in a number of gases by means of a transversely excited atmospheric‐pressure (TEA) CO2 laser has revealed the existence of a clearly visible plasma filament which propagates at an almost constant velocity in the same direction as the laser beam.

ION‐IMPLANTATION DAMAGE IN THIN METAL FILMS

E. H. Bogardus, J. K. Howard, P. Peressini, and J. W. Philbrick

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 77 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653572 (4 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Implantation of Ne+, P+, and As+ (45 and 90 keV, dose = 1 × 1016 cm−2) into thin films of Al, Al☒Cu, and Ag produce severe damage that results in more rapid material transport during electrical stress than in unimplanted films. Resistivity ratio measurements, i. e., resistivity at 297 and 4.2 °K, appear to be sensitive indicators of this damage.

NEW PHOTOTECHNOLOGY SUITABLE FOR RECORDING PHASE HOLOGRAMS AND SIMILAR INFORMATION IN HARDENED GELATIN

K. S. Pennington, J. S. Harper, and F. P. Laming

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 80 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653573 (5 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Novel phototechniques are described for the formation of phase holograms in hardened gelatin. These techniques result in recordings similar to those produced with the well‐known dichromated gelatin process; however, several major advantages arise from these new approaches. Photographic speeds several orders of magnitude (102–105) faster than dichromated gelatin are readily obtained together with panchromatic response characteristics. Moreover, like dichromated gelatin but distinct from bleached silver halides, the stored information is not affected by intense blue or uv irradiation (40 W∕cm2 at 4880 Å).

AN EPR STUDY OF A SMECTIC C LIQUID CRYSTAL: A NEW METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE TILT ANGLE

Edward Gelerinter and George C. Fryburg

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 84 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653574 (3 pages) | Cited 29 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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We have aligned the liquid crystal molecules of 4, 4′‐di‐n‐heptyloxyazoxybenzene in the smectic C mesophase by means of a magnetic field. With the aid of a paramagnetic probe, we have studied the effect of rotation of the aligned sample in the magnetic field of the EPR spectrometer. Interpretation of the results enables us to determine the tilt angle of the liquid crystal, and to predict that smectic C liquid crystals would not lend themselves to NMR orientation studies because of molecular reorientations.

RAMAN SCATTERING FROM LONGITUDINAL ACOUSTICAL VIBRATIONS OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OF POLYETHYLENE

W. L. Peticolas, G. W. Hibler, J. L. Lippert, A. Peterlin, and H. Olf

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 87 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653575 (3 pages) | Cited 39 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Raman scattering from the longitudinal‐acoustical vibration of single crystals of polyethylene has been observed using an argon laser and an iodine filter. The frequencies observed are in the range 10–40 cm−1 and are inversely proportional to the thickness of the single crystals which varied between 90 and 250 Å.

LIQUID PHASE EPITAXIAL GROWTH OF UNIAXIAL GARNET FILMS; CIRCUIT DEPOSITION AND BUBBLE PROPAGATION

L. K. Shick, J. W. Nielsen, A. H. Bobeck, A. J. Kurtzig, P. C. Michaelis, and J. P. Reekstin

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 89 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653576 (3 pages) | Cited 32 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Magnetically uniaxial epitaxial films of Eu2Er1Ga0.7Fe4.3O12 and Er2Eu1Ga0.7Fe4.3O12 5–20 μm thick have been grown free of cracks from PbO ⋅ B2O3 solutions on (110) and (111) Gd3Ga5O12 substrates, respectively. Bubble propagating T‐bar and Y‐bar circuits of nickel‐cobalt‐phosphorus were electrolessly deposited on these films. Operation in excess of 100 steps has been achieved in T‐bar and Y‐bar bubble domain shift registers. Details of the growth procedure, magnetic properties, and circuit preparation are presented.

LOW‐TEMPERATURE DISLOCATION DAMPING IN COPPER

W. A. Fate

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 92 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653577 (2 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Ultrasonic attenuation measurements were used to determine the dislocation damping factor in copper. The data are consistent with a temperature‐independent electronic component of order Be≈5×10−7 dyn sec∕cm2.

GaAs1−xPx DIODE PUMPED YAG: Nd LASERS

F. W. Ostermayer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 93 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653578 (4 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Experiments using GaAs1−xPx diodes emitting at 8100 Å to cw pump YAG: Nd laser rods are described. At an electrical input power of 7.6 W to an array of 4% efficient diodes operating at room‐temperature threshold was attained for a laser rod, with high‐reflectivity mirrors, cooled to 3.5°C. For a laser rod with a 0.4% transmission output mirror threshold was reached at −2.5°C. From threshold‐temperature‐dependence data for the latter rod, an extrapolation has been made showing that a straightforward increase in the number of diodes by a factor of 3 to 4 will result in threshold being exceeded by 2 to 3 times at a rod temperature of 20°C.

PARAMETER DEPENDENCE OF ACOUSTOELECTRIC AMPLIFICATION IN InSb

W. J. Fleming and J. E. Rowe

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 96 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653579 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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On the basis of a hydrodynamical theory of the acoustoelectric interaction (Fleming-Rowe) reported earlier which included electron inertial terms it is found that for sufficiently large electron drift velocities sharp high-gain peaks occur. Furthermore the peak values of gain achieved greatly exceed the maximum gain of the corresponding theory of Steele. Excellent agreement with recently reported experimental measurements of microwave acoustic gain in InSb is obtained. It is also noted that for large applied fields, empirical field factors are required to give agreement with experiment.

TYPE CONVERSION AND p‐n JUNCTION FORMATION IN LITHIUM‐ION‐IMPLANTED ZnSe

Y. S. Park and C. H. Chung

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 99 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653580 (4 pages) | Cited 25 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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High‐conductivity n‐type ZnSe implanted with Li ions gives evidence of type conversion when tested by thermal probe measurements. Photovoltaic effect, current rectification, and low‐voltage electroluminescence were observed in diodes fabricated from implanted material.

ACOUSTIC WAVES IN BERYLLIUM OXIDE CRYSTAL

P. J. Hagon and S. B. Austerman

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 102 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653567 (2 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Experimental results are reported on the coupling between electromagnetic signals and acoustic waves in beryllium oxide crystals via interdigital transducers deposited on a natural y face of a BeO crystal. The transducers are oriented to propagate acoustic waves along the z axis.
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