APL Nameplate
  • Volume/Page
  • Keyword
  • DOI
  • Citation
  • Advanced
   
 
 
 

Flickr Twitter iResearch App Facebook

BROWSE VOLUMES

Year Range: 
Search Issue | RSS Feeds RSS
Previous Issue Next Issue

15 Feb 1971

Volume 18, Issue 4, pp. 105-164

Page 1 of 2 Pages Next Page | Jump to Page

EFFECT OF ULTRASOUND ON A NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTAL

H. Mailer, K. L. Likins, T. R. Taylor, and J. L. Fergason

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 105 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653581 (3 pages) | Cited 23 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The effects of ultrasound on the optical properties of an aligned layer of nematic liquid crystal are described. It was observed that the birefringence of a normally oriented nematic liquid crystal was a function of the acoustic energy, and that with sufficient incident acoustic energy, a scattering phenomenon similar to dynamic scattering occurred.

SINTERING OF PrCo5 PERMANENT MAGNETS

J. Tsui and K. Strnat

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 107 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653582 (2 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Permanent magnets were produced by liquid‐phase sintering from PrCo5 with a Sm☒Co and a Pr☒Co alloy as sintering aids. The best values of the energy product achieved with these two additives are 21.1 and 16.6 MG Oe; the highest intrinsic coercive forces of different samples are 14 000 and 9470 Oe, respectively.

IMAGE AMPLIFICATION BY DYE LASERS

T. W. Hänsch, F. Varsanyi, and A. L. Schawlow

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 108 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653584 (3 pages) | Cited 30 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Wide‐angle high‐gain image amplification has been achieved with several organic dye solution lasers. Rhodamine 6G, rhodamine B, or fluorescein disodium salt in ethanol, side pumped by a nitrogen laser, were used. With excitation pulses of 10−4 J and an active volume of about 1.3×0.1×0.1 mm3, a single‐pass gain of 23 dB∕mm and a diffraction‐limited resolution of more than 104 distinguishable spots have been observed.

PIEZOELECTRIC ACOUSTIC SURFACE WAVES FOR A FILM ON SUBSTRATE

L. P. Solie

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 111 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653585 (2 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A computer program has been written for calculating the dispersion curves of acoustic waves for the film‐on‐substrate problem where both materials may be arbitrarily anisotropic and piezoelectric. The electromechanical coupling factor Δv∕v is calculated for nonpiezo‐electric films on LiNbO3 showing a marked increase over its value without the film. Velocity curves are shown for fused quartz on LiNbO3, and Δv∕v is shown for ZnO on a sapphire substrate predicting a maximum value of 0.019.

HIGH‐PRESSURE LASER ACTION IN 13 GASES WITH TRANSVERSE EXCITATION

O. R. Wood, E. G. Burkhardt, M. A. Pollack, and T. J. Bridges

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 112 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653586 (4 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF


See Also: Erratum

Show Abstract
Laser action has been achieved in 13 gases at high pressures using pulsed transverse excitation. A total of 149 wavelengths from 0.8 to 28μ was observed. Pulse lengths were found to lie in the range 0.2–5μsec. Several gases operate at atmospheric pressure and above and promise to give very high power outputs.

ELECTRON BEAMS FOR QUASILINEAR AND NONLINEAR BEAM‐PLASMA EXPERIMENTS

C. Roberson and K. W. Gentle

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 115 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653587 (2 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Electron beams suitable for experimental studies of the nonlinear evolution of the beam‐plasma interaction in the quasilinear limit (gentle bump) and in transition to the delta function beam may be obtained by placing a magnetic shield around a simple electron gun. Measurements of the beam energy distribution are presented.

THE EFFECT OF THE ION MOTION ON THE RADIO FREQUENCY SPECTRUM OF STORED FREE IONS

Hans A. Schuessler

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 117 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653588 (2 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Sideband resonances have been observed in the rf spectrum of free ions stored in a rf quadrupole trap. It was found that the magnetic resonance signals occur not only at the hfs frequency but also at the hfs frequency plus or minus integral multiples of the macromotion and the Larmor precession frequencies of the ions.

FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS ON EPITAXIAL GaAs AS TRANSDUCERS FOR ACOUSTIC SURFACE WAVES

M. Bruun, S. Ludvik, and C. F. Quate

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 118 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653589 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Two field effect transistor structures on epitaxial GaAs have been used as input and output transducers on an acoustic delay line. The transducer mechanism is described in terms of a piezoelectric coupling between the current modulation produced in the field effect transistor and the acoustic waves. The conversion loss at 90 MHz was 44 dB which is close to what can be estimated using a simple model.

EFFICIENT PHOTOEMISSION FROM Ge‐DOPED GaAs GROWN BY LIQUID‐PHASE EPITAXY

H. Schade, H. Nelson, and H. Kressel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 121 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653590 (2 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Efficient photoemission with white light sensitivities as high as 1100 μA∕lm has been obtained from Ge‐doped GaAs layers grown by liquid‐phase epitaxy. The hole concentrations of the samples were relatively low (5×1017–2×1018 cm−3), and the sample surfaces were chemically polished prior to cesium‐oxygen activation. Quantum yield data show an unusually high infrared response and suggest long diffusion lengths, between 2 and 7 μ, for the photo‐excited Γ‐electrons.

STIMULATED EMISSION FROM Ho3+ AT 2 μm IN HoF3

D. P. Devor, B. H. Soffer, and M. Robinson

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 122 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653591 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Efficient laser emission of Ho3+ at 2μ has been obtained from a single crystal of HoF3 at liquid‐nitrogen temperatures. This is the first pure, undiluted rare‐earth compound laser. Fluorescence and absorption spectra indicated a spontaneous linewidth of 1.5 cm−1 for the laser transition. The fluorescence lifetime at 77°K was 2.6 msec, or 29% of the radiative lifetime as measured in dilution in an isomorphic host. The laser threshold for a 15‐mm rod was about 1 J.

TYPE S BULK NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL CONDUCTIVITY IN n‐InSb

C. L. Dick and B. Ancker‐Johnson

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 124 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653592 (4 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The relationship between type S and type N (Gunn effect) bulk negative differential conductivity (BNDC) is shown in n‐InSb at 77 K and atmospheric pressure. The results of conduction measurements and of radiative recombination measurements, both in time and space, shown that an S‐BNDC is created in the wake of a propagating high‐field domain and that the large currents associated with the S‐BNDC are caused by strong impact ionization in the domain.

VOLTAGE‐DEPENDENT OPTICAL ACTIVITY OF A TWISTED NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTAL

M. Schadt and W. Helfrich

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 127 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653593 (2 pages) | Cited 453 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A new electro‐optical effect in twisted nematic liquid crystals is described which allows variation of the rotation of linearly polarized light continuously from 0° to 90°. It requires lower voltages than other electro‐optic effects.

Q‐SWITCHED LASER WITH CONTROLLABLE PULSE LENGTH

J. F. Young, J. E. Murray, R. B. Miles, and S. E. Harris

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 129 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653594 (2 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Experimental results of a recently proposed technique for obtaining Q‐switched laser pulses of controllable length are presented. A lithium iodate doubling crystal inside the cavity of a Nd: YAG laser running at 0.946 μ is used to provide both output coupling and an easily adjustable, nonlinear loss mechanism. Controllable pulse lengths in the range of 200 nsec to 1 μ at 0.473 μ have been achieved at nominally constant energy.

SINGLE‐MODE OPERATION AND MODE LOCKING OF HIGH‐PRESSURE CO2 LASERS BY MEANS OF SATURABLE ABSORBERS

A. Nurmikko, T. A. DeTemple, and S. E. Schwarz

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 130 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653595 (3 pages) | Cited 26 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Single‐longitudinal‐mode operation of pulsed, high‐pressure, transversely excited CO2 lasers has been obtained by means of a saturable absorber (SF6) cell placed inside the laser cavity. Eighty percent of the multimode ouput power is obtained in the single‐mode output. Single‐mode operation has been verified by means of a scanning Fabry‐Perot interferometer. Pressure broadening of the saturable absorber by a buffer gas has been found to cause multimode mode‐locked operation of the laser.

LAYER WAVE AMPLIFICATION IN A CdS‐FLUID‐LiNbO3 STRUCTURE

M. N. Araghi and P. Das

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 133 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653596 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Amplification has been achieved by interaction of drifting electrons in a CdS sample which is piezoelectrically coupled to the acoustic layer waves generated in a CdS‐fluid‐LiNbO3 structure.

DOPPLER JITTER STABILIZATION OF A CO2 LASER

M. W. Goldberg and R. Yusek

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 135 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653597 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A CO2 laser oscillating on the P(18) transition of the 10. 6‐μ band was electronically stabilized without internal modulation to an inverted Lamb dip generated in an extra‐cavity SF6 absorption cell. Laser modulation was avoided by employing an external moving mirror to Doppler jitter the light entering the absorption cell. The resultant stabilization point was shown to be independent of laser characteristics. The frequency stability so achieved was 1 part in 109 over a 15‐min period.

EXCITATION OF ACOUSTIC SURFACE WAVES WITH A GRATING‐COUPLED GUNN OSCILLATOR

M. L. Dakss, E. G. Lean, and J. Schoenwald

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 137 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653598 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Up to 0.25 mW of acoustic surface wave power at 225 MHz have been generated on LiNbO3 with a Gunn oscillator via periodic piezoelectric coupling of the Gunn domain electric fields across an air gap. The coupling periodicity is produced by a metal or dielectric grating on the LiNbO3 surface. The ratio of generated surface wave power Pac to the electrical pulse power is up to 2.5×10−6 for the metal grating and 10−7 for the dielectric grating. The observed dependence of Pac on the number of grating fingers is explained by the degree of phase matching between Gunn domains and acoustic surface waves.

MAYER ABSORPTION ANOMALY FOR ALKALI METALS

J. P. Marton

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 140 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653599 (4 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
An analysis of the optical properties of free‐electron metals in the aggregated state shows features with striking similarities to the anomalous absorption behavior of Mayer's alkali metals. It is suggested that the Mayer anomaly is due to rough or contaminated surfaces and that such absorptions may be typical of free metallic surfaces in general.

NOVEL HELICAL‐PATH SURFACE WAVE DELAY LINE

M. F. Lewis and E. Patterson

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 143 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653600 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF


See Also: Erratum

Show Abstract
A surface acoustic wave delay line has been constructed on quartz in which the path of the wave is approximately a helix. The line operated at 102 MHz and gave delays up to about 50 μsec at room temperature.

SIMULTANEOUS OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATION, SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION, AND DIFFERENCE‐FREQUENCY GENERATION

J. M. Yarborough and E. O. Ammann

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 145 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653601 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
We report the observation of simultaneous phase matching of three separate nonlinear optical processes. The second harmonic of the signal wavelength of a parametric oscillator was generated and then mixed with the idler wavelength of the oscillator to produce a difference frequency, all in the same nonlinear crystal. We have observed 34% average power conversion from the signal to its second harmonic, which is at a shorter wavelength than the pump.

DIGITAL ELECTRO‐OPTIC GRATING DEFLECTOR AND MODULATOR

J. M. Hammer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 147 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653603 (3 pages) | Cited 25 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A new method of laser light deflection and modulation based on diffraction by electro‐optic phase gratings has been demonstrated. The method is applicable to thin‐film light guides, requires relatively low power for high‐speed operation, and is capable of high diffraction efficiency.

PLASMA EXPANSION UNDER HEATING BY A CO2 LASER PULSE

Richard G. Tomlinson

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 149 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653604 (4 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
This paper treats the expansion of a gas breakdown plasma produced in argon by the focused radiation from a high‐voltage transient‐pumped CO2 laser. With the long pulses attainable from such pulsed CO2 lasers, a transition is observed in the mechanism of expansion from a radiation‐driven detonation to a thermal expansion. The implications of this observation for CO2 laser heating of plasmas are discussed.

STIMULATED EMISSION IN A PERIODIC STRUCTURE

H. Kogelnik and C. V. Shank

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 152 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653605 (3 pages) | Cited 302 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF


See Also: Erratum

Show Abstract
We have investigated laser oscillation in periodic structures in which feedback is provided by backward Bragg scattering. These new laser devices are very compact and stable as the feedback mechanism is distributed throughout and integrated with the gain medium. Intrinsic to these structures is also a gratinglike spectral filtering action. We discuss periodic variations of the refractive index and of the gain and give the expression for threshold and bandwidth. Experimentally we have induced index periodicities in gelatin films into which rhodamine 6G was dissolved. The observed characteristics of laser action in these devices near 0.63 μm are reported.

STRIPE‐GEOMETRY DOUBLE HETEROSTRUCTURE JUNCTION LASERS: MODE STRUCTURE AND cw OPERATION ABOVE ROOM TEMPERATURE

J. E. Ripper, J. C. Dyment, L. A. D'Asaro, and T. L. Paoli

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 155 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653606 (3 pages) | Cited 28 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Double heterostructure GaAs junction lasers have been operated continuously at temperatures up to 355°K by use of the advantageous thermal properties of the stripe‐geometry configuration. Spatial and spectral characteristics of the modes of these lasers are reported. For the direction perpendicular to the junction plane, these observations show that the field distributions are more symmetrical, the focusing is stronger, and operation in high‐order modes is more easily achieved than in homostructure (diffused) junction lasers. For the direction along the junction plane, no significant differences are found between double heterostructure and homostructure lasers.

EXTENDED WAVELENGTH TUNING OF Pb1−xSnx Te LASERS

P. Norton, P. Chia, T. Braggins, and H. Levinstein

Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 158 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653607 (2 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The strong temperature dependence of the bandgap of Pb1−xSnx Te has made it possible to wavelength‐tune a diode laser made from this material by changing the operating temperature. This method permits the tuning of these devices over regions larger than 5000 GHz in the vicinity of 10 μ, making them promising tools for the detection of trace amounts of air pollution gases such as SO2 and N2O.
Page 1 of 2 Pages Next Page | Jump to Page
Close

Google Calendar

ADVERTISEMENT

Go to AIP Home   © AIP Publishing LLC
close