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1 Sep 1971

Volume 19, Issue 5, pp. 125-164


Charge‐Exchange Excitation in the He☒Cd Laser

G. J. Collins, R. C. Jensen, and W. R. Bennett

Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 125 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653852 (4 pages) | Cited 30 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Experiments are described which show a dual involvement of charge exchange and Penning ionization‐excitation processes in the helium‐cadmium laser similar to that reported earlier by the authors in the helium‐zinc ion laser. Charge exchange leads primarily to high‐lying states of Cd II in which only the outer electron is excited, whereas Penning ionization mainly leads to the production of excited ionic states involving a ``hole'' in the inner d‐shell configuration.

Voltage‐Induced Optical Waveguide

D. J. Channin

Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 128 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653853 (3 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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An optical waveguide based on electro‐optic index changes in LiNbO3 has been constructed. Voltage and polarization dependence of the waveguide mode structure has been observed and is described qualitatively with a simple theory.

Control of the Susceptibility of Lithium Niobate to Laser‐Induced Refractive Index Changes

G. E. Peterson, A. M. Glass, and T. J. Negran

Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 130 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653854 (3 pages) | Cited 99 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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The origin of laser‐induced refractive changes (laser damage) in LiNbO3 has been identified as iron impurities. Quantitative measurements of the damage were made using holographic techniques as the iron impurity content of crystals was varied. Holographic diffraction efficiencies from as high as 0.44 to lower than 10−6 have been achieved with crystals 0.2 cm thick, using 10 W∕cm2 of 5145‐Å radiation, both by varying the iron impurity concentration and by varying the valence state of these impurities. The previously observed effects of field annealing, crystal coloration, oxidation and reduction, and the role of OH‐ ions are all accounted for.

A Waveguide Gas Laser

P. W. Smith

Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 132 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653855 (3 pages) | Cited 60 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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This letter describes a new type of gas laser. The laser light is guided in a hollow dielectric waveguide which also serves to confine the discharge. Operation of such a laser with He☒Ne mixtures at 6328 Å is reported and some characteristics of the laser operation are described.

Gain and Spectral Characteristics of a cw HF∕DF Chemical Laser

James A. Glaze

Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 135 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653856 (2 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Gain and spectral characteristics of a transverse‐flow cw laser utilizing hydrogen fluoride (HF) and deuterium fluoride (DF) as the active medium is reported. Gains up to 4.3%∕cm for 2–1 P‐branch transitions for HF and 2.4%∕cm for 3–2 P‐branch transitions for DF have been observed. Both dispersive and nondispersive cavity geometries have been utilized for gain and spectral measurements. A brief comparison between observed gain curves and those obtained from a simple Boltzmann model is made.

Phases Observed in Oxygen‐Reactive Sputtering of Tantalum

L. G. Feinstein

Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 137 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653857 (2 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Ta films were deposited by dc diode sputtering in Ar☒O2. The crystalline structure of the deposited films was investigated by wide‐film Debye‐Scherrer x‐ray diffraction. Films were β‐Ta at low O2 partial pressures, passing through a crystalline suboxide to the bcc phase with increasing O2 content. The results contradict recent suggestions that β‐Ta is formed to accommodate higher impurity levels.

Absorption of Unshifted Scattered Light by a Molecular I2 Filter in Brillouin and Raman Scattering

G. E. Devlin, J. L. Davis, L. Chase, and S. Geschwind

Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 138 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653858 (4 pages) | Cited 63 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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A simple molecular I2 vapor filter is described which can attenuate the unshifted scattered light in Brillouin and Raman scattering by greater than 108 with a background attenuation of less than 10, i.e., a discrimination ratio of > 107 : 1.

Laser Emission from He‐Air‐C2N2☒(CO)

J. E. Brandelik, J. D. Barry, and W. E. Boney

Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 141 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653859 (2 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Laser emission from a He‐air‐C2N2☒(CO) mixture has been measured in air from 5.0416 to 5.7566 μ. The P(J)v,v′ transitions in CO occurred from v = 5 : 4 to v = 15 : 14 with J = 9 – 17 nominally. Multiline power levels exceeded 2 W with over 2% efficiency. The CO molecules were produced by the discharge initiated chemical process C2N2 + O2 = 2CO + N2.

Vacancy Association of Defects in Annealed GaAs

L. L. Chang, L. Esaki, and R. Tsu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 143 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653860 (3 pages) | Cited 33 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Cathodoluminescence measurements were performed at 5 °K on GaAs annealed from 600 to 1100 °C under controlled arsenic vapor pressures. Various energy levels of defects were observed, and their association with Ga or As vacancies were determined from the pressure dependence. The defects associated with Ga vacancies were found to become increasingly important with increasing temperatures. Fast diffusing species such as copper can be ruled out as being responsible for the observed defects.

An Attempt to Reproduce the Schwarz‐Hora Effect

R. Hadley, D. W. Lynch, E. Stanek, and E. A. Rosauer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 145 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653861 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Several attempts were made to observe the modulation of an electron beam by a laser (the Schwarz‐Hora effect). These were not successful and possible reasons are reported.

Required Monochromaticity of an Electron Beam Modulated at Optical Frequencies

Helmut Schwarz

Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 148 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653862 (1 page) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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It is shown theoretically and experimentally that for the observation of the modulation of an electron beam at optical frequencies the energy spread of the electrons should remain below a value determined by the electron energy, the light frequency, and the distance between interaction zone and observation screen.

Detection of Surface-Wave Three-Phonon Interaction

William J. Tanski and Walter G. Mayer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 148 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653863 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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The resultant surface phonon generated by the interaction of two noncollinear surface phonons has been detected on the (111) face of a single-crystal copper sample. Detection was accomplished by optical probing of the two primary surface waves and the resultant phonons generated in the interaction.

Periodic Current and Radiation Pulsing in dc Excited Xenon Plasma

Shih‐Shung Chuang and Hideya Gamo

Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 150 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653864 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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A periodic current pulse with pulse width around 1.5 μsec and peak current around 1 A is generated in the dc excited pure xenon plasma when the capacitance between cathode and anode is increased. Each current pulse is accompanied by one or two supperradiant radiation pulses of 3.5‐μm wavelength with pulse width ranging from 0.3 to 1 μsec and peak power of about 1 mW.

Correlation of Defect‐Impurity Interactions in GaP with Local Variations in Photoluminescence

G. A. Rozgonyi and Martin A. Afromowitz

Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 153 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653865 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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A direct correlation between small‐scale spatial inhomogeneities in the photoluminescent efficiency of GaP LEC wafers and local variations in the density of shallow saucer‐shaped chemical etch pits has been made. These variations are particularly evident in the vicinity of dislocations, suggesting that the dislocations act as a sink for the impurity or crystal defect responsible for the formation of saucer pits. In addition, larger‐scale spatial variations in PL efficiency and saucer‐pit density, believed to be related to the LEC crystal‐growth procedure, are mirrored in the contrast obtained on Borrmann x‐ray topographs.

Independent Grain Behavior of Parametrically Excited π∕2 Magnons in Polycrystalline YIG

Camillo Borghese and Riccardo Roveda

Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 156 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653866 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Longitudinal imaginary susceptibilities ∥χ″ in the spin‐wave instability region were measured in YIG samples having bimodally distributed grain sizes. The samples were prepared by hot pressing mixtures of powders having grain sizes x of 1 and 10 μ. Two threshold fields exist for such samples: the low and high one, respectively, due to the coarse and fine grains. Two saturation levels are found for ∥χ″, approximately proportional to the respective volume fractions of fine and coarse grains. An expression for continuously x‐distributed polycrystals is worked out on the basis of the single grain scattering mechanism, which compares favorably to experimental results.

Preswitching Behavior of Oxidized Vanadium Foils

R. J. Yu and P. D. Fisher

Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 158 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653867 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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The results of an investigation into the preswitching behavior of oxidized vanadium foils are reported. The critical field required to actuate switching from the low‐conductance state to the high‐conductance state for various bath temperatures was measured along with the switching delay time as a function of applied field. The thermal transport equation was solved subject to the appropriate boundary conditions; expressions for the critical field and delay time were obtained and compared with experimental results.

Possibility of a Unidirectional Laser Amplifier Produced by Monochromatic Optical Pumping of a Coupled Doppler‐Broadened Transition

N. Skribanowitz, M. S. Feld, R. E. Francke, M. J. Kelly, and A. Javan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 161 (1971); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653868 (4 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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An optically pumped gas laser amplifier is described which exhibits gain only for waves traveling in a given direction while absorbing waves traveling in the opposite direction. The idea is based on the laser‐induced line‐narrowing effect in coupled Doppler‐broadened transitions for the case of a high‐intensity monochromatic pump field.
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