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15 Mar 1972

Volume 20, Issue 6, pp. 207-233


ZnSe Electroluminescent Device Exhibiting Switching and Memory

A. W. Livingstone and J. W. Allen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 207 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654112 (2 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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An MIS structure, in which the semiconductor is suitably doped ZnSe, exhibits switching and memory properties. The same structure also emits light in both forward and reverse bias with an emission wavelength characteristic of the impurities present. Although the operation of the device is not completely understood the switching can be attributed to a transfer of charge from deep impurities in the semiconductor to the insulating layer.

Laser‐Induced Turbulence

C. R. Prasad

Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 209 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654113 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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In a recent experiment on laser beam transmission through an absorbing gas, the critical Reynold's number for the flow, induced by the heating of the gas, to become turbulent was found to be less than 30, which is many orders of magnitude smaller than that for pure shear flow in pipes. It is shown here that a Rayleigh number is the more appropriate criterion to characterize the stability of flow in this situation, and its value estimated in two limiting cases is found to bracket the expected critical Rayleigh number for vertical concentric cylinders.

Optical Measurement of Surface‐Wave Scatter Losses in Piezoelectric Ceramics

Adrian J. DeVries and Robert L. Miller

Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 210 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654114 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Direct experimental measurement of surface‐wave scatter losses of several ceramics is reported, as well as verification of the fourth‐power frequency dependence of scatter losses per wavelength predicted by Steg and Klemens. Laser measurements of surface‐wave amplitude vs position exhibit interference due to scattered waves. The statistical analysis of such measurements allows separation of scatter losses from true dissipative losses. Scatter losses for Honeywell Type S material are found to be 0.027 dB∕wavelength at 46.8 MHz, and increase with the fourth power of frequency. A limiting frequency for a given ceramic for surface‐wave applications might be the frequency at which scatter losses overtake dissipative losses; for Honeywell S, this occurs at 73 MHz.

Embossed Optical Waveguides

R. Ulrich, H. P. Weber, E. A. Chandross, W. J. Tomlinson, and E. A. Franke

Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 213 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654115 (3 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Dielectric optical waveguides have been made by embossing grooves in a thermoplastic substrate and filling them with a liquid which is then solidified. Grooves (7 μm wide and 3.5 μm deep) in poly(methyl methacrylate) (n=1.49) were filled with cyclohexyl methacrylate which was photopolymerized to produce a permanent guide (n=1.505). The attenuation was 2–4 dB∕cm at λ=0.633 μm.

New Type of Surface Sound Wave in Conducting Crystals

Yuri V. Gulyaev

Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 215 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654116 (2 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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The existence of a new type of surface sound wave—pure shear surface sound wave—is predicted for conducting solid materials. This wave arises due to the fact that in these materials the mechanical stress depends not only on the deformation but also on the electron concentration because of electron‐lattice interaction via the deformation potential. The penetration depth of this surface wave is of the order of λϵ∕χ≫λ, where λ is the wavelength, ϵ is the dielectric constant, and χ is the electromechanical coupling constant for the deformation‐potential interaction

Effect of Direct Current on Precipitation in Quenched Al + 4% Cu Thin Films

M. C. Shine and S. R. Herd

Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 217 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654117 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Resistance changes associated with precipitation in Al☒Cu thin films were monitored during power annealing at current densities up to 4×106 A∕cm2 and temperatures of ∼178 and 200 °C. The rate of change of resistance decreased as the current increased. It is argued that this decrease is due to the current inhibiting the precipitation of θ Al2Cu.

Picosecond Electron‐Optical Chronography

D. J. Bradley, B. Liddy, W. Sibbett, and W. E. Sleat

Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 219 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654118 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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An image‐tube streak camera has been further developed to be completely electronically operated, with an improved instrumental time resolution of <4 psec and negligible background. With a trigger pulse of 10 V and a rise time of 1 nsec, the over‐all system triggering jitter is <200 psec. The camera has been used to measure the durations of ultrashort pulses (2–3 psec) from a mode‐locked dye laser.

Optical Second‐Harmonic Generation in Paratellurite and Kleinman's Symmetry Relations

D. S. Chemla and J. Jerphagnon

Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 222 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654119 (2 pages) | Cited 16 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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The second harmonic of a 1.064‐μ Nd3+ YAG laser has been observed in paratellurite This effect is forbidden by Kleinman's relations. The only nonvanishing nonlinear coefficient d14 has been measured relative to quartz by the Maker‐fringe technique and to KDP under phase‐matching conditions. It has been inferred that d14=1.4×10−9 esu and δ14=3.8×10−8 esu. The latter value is 40 times lower than the average over all the known materials.

Microwave Measurement of the Velocity‐Field Characteristic of n‐Type InP

G. H. Glover

Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 224 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654120 (2 pages) | Cited 19 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Measurements of the velocity‐electric field characteristic of n‐type InP at 9.5 and 35 GHz are reported. The results indicate a peak velocity of about 2.7×107 cm∕sec and threshold field of 12 kV∕cm. The measurements are in good agreement with a two‐valley model of conduction.

Magnetic‐Field‐Dependent Breakdown of CO2‐Laser‐Produced Plasma

D. R. Cohn, C. E. Chase, W. Halverson, and B. Lax

Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 225 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654121 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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The threshold pressure for breakdown of helium and argon gas by 10.6‐μm radiation from a TEA CO2 laser is strongly depressed by a steady magnetic field parallel to the direction of propagation of the laser beam. At 87 kOe, the zero‐field threshold pressure is reduced from 166 to 96 Torr in helium and from 66 to 21 Torr in argon. This result can be explained semiquantitatively by a simple model of breakdown that takes into account the inhibition of radial electron diffusion by the magnetic field.

Mg☒O Complexes in GaP—A Yellow Diode

R. N. Bhargava, C. Michel, W. L. Lupatkin, R. L. Bronnes, and S. K. Kurtz

Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 227 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654122 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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A yellow‐orange luminescence which peaks at 6030 Å at 300 °K has been observed in (Mg, O)‐doped GaP and is attributed to a bound excitonic transition at a nearest‐neighbor Mg☒O complex. A photoluminescent efficiency at low temperatures of ∼20% has been measured and yellow diodes of external quantum efficiency ≃0.1% at 77 °K have been fabricated.

Polariton Results in Ferroelectrics with the Tungsten Bronze Crystal Structure

Gerald Burns

Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 230 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654123 (4 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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Measurements are presented as a function of temperature, in several ferroelectric crystals with the tungsten bronze crystal structure, using forward Raman scattering (polaritons). These results determine the frequencies of TO and LO modes. Thus, the strengths of the optic modes and the frequency dependence of the dielectric constant ϵ(ω) can be determined. From these results, the low‐frequency clamped dielectric constant ϵ(0) surprisingly is found to be approximately independent of temperature to Tc. We believe that the results indicate that these ferroelectrics do not have ``soft'' optic modes in the usual sense but are relaxers.
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Erratum: Magnetic Mirror Probe Method for the Determination of Anisotropy of Electron Temperature in a Magnetized Plasma

N. Yamamoto and Y. Hatta

Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 233 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654124 (1 page) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003

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