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Select this Article		Thin‐MIS‐Structure Si Negative‐Resistance Diode Tatsuo Yamamoto and Mitsutaka Morimoto Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 269 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654143 (2 pages) \| Cited 48 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract We have realized a high‐switching‐speed Si S‐shaped negative‐resistance diode having a thin MIS structure where the thickness of the SiO₂ layer is less than 100 Å. It has a p‐n‐I (insulator)‐M (metal) structure in contrast with a Shockley diode. The threshold and sustaining voltages are about 20 and 2–3 V, respectively. The regenerative nature of this device may be related to the minority carrier injection into the interface between the n layer and the insulating layer, and electron trapping in the interface states.

Select this Article		Broadband Superconducting Quantum Magnetometer R. A. Kamper and M. B. Simmonds Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 270 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654144 (3 pages) \| Cited 14 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract We describe the design, operation, and performance of a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) which operates at a frequency of 9 GHz. It is sensitive to variations of magnetic field in a frequency band from 0 to 1 GHz.

Select this Article		Nonlinear Susceptibility of GaP; Relative Measurement and Use of Measured Values to Determine a Better Absolute Value B. F. Levine and C. G. Bethea Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 272 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654145 (4 pages) \| Cited 95 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF See Also: Erratum
	+ -	Show Abstract We have measured the ratio d₃₆(GaP)∕d₁₁(SiO₂) = 185 ± 10% at 1.318 μ. By using this value together with other values in the literature, we determine a better set of absolute values for the nonlinear susceptibility.

Select this Article		Assessment of Tourmaline as an Acoustic‐Surface‐Wave‐Delay Medium M. F. Lewis and E. Patterson Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 275 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654146 (2 pages) \| Cited 7 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Measurements and calculations have shown tourmaline to be a useful surface‐acoustic‐wave‐delay medium. In particular, its combination of high velocity and very low propagation losses, together with a moderate piezoelectric coupling strength, makes it suitable for use at higher frequencies than are feasible with quartz or LiNbO₃.

Select this Article		Acoustic‐Surface‐Wave Isolator M. F. Lewis and E. Patterson Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 276 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654147 (3 pages) \| Cited 13 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract A 200‐MHz acoustic‐surface‐wave isolator has been constructed employing an epitaxial layer of Ga‐doped YIG on a gadolinium gallium garnet substrate.

SECTION LISTING

BROWSE VOLUMES

15 Apr 1972

Volume 20, Issue 8, pp. 269-329

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Select this Article		Variation of N₂‐Broadened Collisional Width with Rotational Quantum Number for the 10.4‐μm CO₂ Band Charles Young, R. W. Bell, and R. E. Chapman Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 278 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654148 (2 pages) \| Cited 10 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Collisional widths for the individual rotational lines of the P branch of the 10.4‐μm CO₂ band have been measured using a CO₂ laser as the ir energy source. Both self‐broadening and N₂ broadening have been studied. An anomalously large N₂‐broadened width in the vicinity of J = 34 has been observed with an indication of a similar effect for the self‐broadened width.

Select this Article		p‐n Junction Photodiodes in PbTe Prepared by Sb⁺ Ion Implantation J. P. Donnelly, T. C. Harman, A. G. Foyt, and W. T. Lindley Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 279 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654149 (3 pages) \| Cited 17 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract n‐p junction photovoltaic detectors in PbTe have been fabricated using Sb⁺ ion implantation to create the n‐type layer. At 77 °K, 15‐mil square diodes have had zero‐bias resistances as high as 15 MΩ for a resistance‐area product of 2.1×10⁴ Ωcm². Peak detectivities at 4.4 μm in reduced background as high as 1.6×10¹² cmHz^1∕2∕W were observed. Diode quantum efficiencies were typically 40% at 4.4 μm.

Select this Article		Efficient Second Harmonic Generation of Picosecond Laser Pulses T. A. Rabson, H. J. Ruiz, P. L. Shah, and F. K. Tittel Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 282 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654150 (3 pages) \| Cited 5 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Efficient conversion to the second harmonic (SH) using KD₂PO₄ and CsH₂AsO₄ crystals inside a folded cavity of a high‐power‐dye mode‐locked Nd³⁺: glass laser is reported. For the first time, frequency‐doubled picosecond light pulses have been obtained in CsH₂AsO₄ with peak powers of the order of 10⁹ W∕cm² at 0.531 μ for an effective pump power density of 4×10⁹ W∕cm².

Select this Article		Broadband Efficient Excitation of the Thin‐Ribbon Waveguide for Surface Acoustic Waves K. H. Yen and R. C. M. Li Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 284 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654151 (3 pages) \| Cited 3 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract A practical method for broadband efficient excitation of the thin‐ribbon waveguide for surface acoustic waves is presented. Other major advantages of the excitation system are the simplicity of both its theoretical design and its practical implementation. Experimentally, a maximum excitation efficiency (power) of 65% has been obtained at an operating frequency of 5.5 MHz. In addition, the measured efficiency was in excess of 55% over the frequency range from 4.7 to 6.4 MHz.

Select this Article		Improved IRQC Performance of CdF₂ :Er³⁺ by Generation of C_3ν Local‐Site Symmetry N. E. Byer, T. C. Ensign, and W. M. Mularie Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 286 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654152 (3 pages) \| Cited 8 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Selective generation of trigonal (C_3ν) symmetry at Er³⁺ ions in CdF₂ by oxygen firing increases the green (⁴S_3∕2→⁴I_15∕2) radiative efficiency from 1.9 to 52% while causing qualitative changes in the optical absorption and emission associated with these ions. Measurements of the parameters involved in the operation of an infrared quantum counter suggest that this oxygen‐fired material could be used to construct an uncooled infrared detector having a minimum detectable power of 3.6×10⁻¹⁴ W at 1.53 μm, appreciably better than currently available detectors sensitive at this wavelength.

Select this Article		Enhancement of Nonlinearity in Surface‐Acoustic‐Wave Propagation from Coupling to Charge Carriers C. W. Lee and R. L. Gunshor Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 288 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654153 (3 pages) \| Cited 12 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract We report the observation of second harmonic generation and acoustic‐wave convolution for surface waves on YZ‐cut lithium niobate where the nonlinearity originates with the charge‐particle dynamics in a nearby semiconductor. The second harmonic generation is 28 dB above that obtained from LiNbO₃ alone, and the convolution output is 24 dB above reports for LiNbO₃ alone.

Select this Article		Effect of Relaxation on Small‐Scale Filament Formation by Ultrashort Light Pulses J. A. Fleck and R. L. Carman Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 290 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654154 (4 pages) \| Cited 17 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract The development of filamentary structure associated with the self‐focusing of ultrashort pulses in the presence of dielectric relaxation is examined. Numerical solutions to the equations of self‐focusing and relaxation display filament formation, although filament stabilization is strongly dependent on power. This suggests that further ingredients may be required for a complete theory of filament formation.

Select this Article		Analysis of CdTe as a γ‐Ray Spectrometer K. Zanio and W. Akutagawa Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 294 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654155 (3 pages) \| Cited 2 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Gamma spectra were taken at room temperature with devices fabricated from semi‐insulating CdTe. A resolution of 8 keV (FWHM) was found for ²⁴¹Am (60 keV), 10 keV for ⁵⁷Co (122 keV), 30 keV for ¹³⁷Cs (662 keV), and 75 keV for ⁶⁰Co (1.33 MeV). The photoelectric absorption coefficient at a photon energy of 122 keV was measured to be 5.4 ± 0.4 cm⁻¹ in CdTe. The escape of the photoelectron at higher photon energies degraded the spectra and lowered the absorption coefficients below their theoretical values. Devices were also encapsulated within probes and their efficiency to photoelectric events was compared with that of a silicon detector. Ratios of 150:1 for ⁵⁷Co and 12:1 for ²⁴¹Am were found favoring CdTe.

Select this Article		Four‐Hundredth‐Order Harmonic Mixing of Microwave and Infrared Laser Radiation Using a Josephson Junction and a Maser D. G. McDonald, A. S. Risley, J. D. Cupp, K. M. Evenson, and J. R. Ashley Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 296 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654156 (4 pages) \| Cited 31 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract For mixing in a Josephson junction at infrared frequencies, we have shown that the available power from the junction increases as the intermediate frequency is increased. Following this result an infrared receiver has been developed incorporating a 9‐GHz maser preamplifier at the i.f. Using this system, the beat between the 401st harmonic of a high‐quality microwave source and a 3.8‐THz infrared laser has been observed. Also, for low‐order mixing at 3.8 THz, a comparison of beat signals from a Josephson junction and a room‐temperature mixer has been made.

Select this Article		Nonresonant Energy Transfer from Er³⁺ to Yb³⁺ in LaF₃ Eichi Okamoto, Hiromitsu Masui, Katsutoshi Muto, and Kenzo Awazu Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 299 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654157 (3 pages) Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Energy transfer in LaF₃; Er, Yb is studied by observing the lifetimes of Er³⁺ in excited states and the excitation spectra both at room temperature and at 77 °K. It is found that the energy transfer from Er³⁺ (⁴S_3∕2→⁴I_13∕2) to Yb³⁺ (²F_7∕2→²F_5∕2) is associated with the emission of three phonons of about 350 cm⁻¹, and that the energy transfer from Er³⁺ (²H_9∕2→⁴F_9∕2) to Yb³⁺ accompanied by the absorption of phonons takes place.

Select this Article		Small‐Signal Negative Conductance in BARITT Devices E. P. EerNisse Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 301 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654158 (4 pages) \| Cited 5 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Numerical calculations utilizing a realistic carrier velocity vs electric field relationship have been carried out for the dc current‐voltage characteristics and small‐signal ac response of abrupt Si p⁺np⁺, p⁺nvp⁺, n⁺pn⁺, and n⁺pπn⁺ barrier injection transit time (BARITT) devices. The small‐signal ac response of these devices can be represented accurately by the depletion capacitance either in parallel with a negative conductance or in series with a negative resistance. The negative conductance has maximum amplitude for transit angles of approximately 1.55π and dc current density biases of 20–100 A∕cm². A distinct advantage was found in small‐signal applications for p⁺np⁺ devices over p⁺nvp⁺ devices and for n⁺pn⁺ devices over n⁺pπn⁺ devices.

Select this Article		Glass‐Forming Ability vs Local Order and Covalent Character in the As☒Te System J. Cornet and D. Rossier Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 304 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654159 (3 pages) \| Cited 9 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract An experimental study of the constitution of the As☒Te glasses has been carried out, using glass‐forming‐ability measurements, high‐angle diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and other thermodynamic determinations. Evidence is definitely given for a difference of valency between crystalline and glassy states. A model is suggested for the structural units in the glass and for the modifications induced by an excess of arsenic or tellurium with respect to the critical As₂Te₃ composition.

Select this Article		Uniformly Polarized GaAs Laser Array Harold Wieder and John C. Marinace Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 311 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654162 (2 pages) Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract A structure is described which yields uniform polarization in the emitted light from an array of GaAs lasers. The exterior cleaved faces define a standard Fabry‐Perot structure, and a 2‐μ air space within the cavity inclined at the Brewster angle provides the necessary discrimination in gain between orthogonal modes to produce TE polarization (within ± 3°) for all lasers in the array.

Select this Article		Light Amplification in a Thin Film M. S. Chang, P. Burlamacchi, C. Hu, and J. R. Whinnery Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 313 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654163 (2 pages) \| Cited 11 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Light amplification at 6328 Å in a rhodamine‐B‐doped polyurethane thin film is observed. The light‐guiding thin film is pumped transversely with a nitrogen laser. Superradiant light of the dye‐doped film is observed to be guided by the thin film. When a He☒Ne light at 6328 Å is coupled into the same thin film along the same path, amplification results. Maximum unsaturated gain on the order of 13 cm⁻¹ was experimentally determined by two different methods in a single‐mode thin‐film light guide with a concentration of 3.3×10⁻² mol∕liter when wet.

Select this Article		Higher‐Order Distributed Feedback Oscillators J. E. Bjorkholm and C. V. Shank Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 306 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654160 (3 pages) \| Cited 30 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract We report the observation of higher‐order disftributed‐feedback (DFB) laser oscillation using sinusoidal susceptibility modulation. For higher‐order DFB oscillation the period of the susceptibility modulation is a multiple m of one‐half the lasing wavelength. We have obtained tunable DFB oscillation for m=2 and m=3 by pumping rhodamine 6G with interference fringes. A discussion of two possible mechanisms which could account for our observations is presented. Higher‐order DFB operation reduces the resolution required for fabricating a DFB laser.

Select this Article		Vibrational Population, Gain, and Excitation Mechanism of the Carbon Monoxide Laser E. N. Lotkova, G. N. Mercer, and N. N. Sobolev Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 309 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654161 (3 pages) \| Cited 1 time Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract The absolute vibrational population distribution of a cooled CO☒He laser plasma has been measured and is in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions based on V‐V anharmonic exchange relaxation, particularly when measured values of electron density are considered. The population distribution was obtained from small‐signal‐gain measurements at the line centers of 21 vibration‐rotation transitions in a wavelength‐selective laser oscillator.

Select this Article		Effect of Hydrogen on CO₂ TEA Lasers Thomas F. Deutsch Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 315 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654164 (2 pages) \| Cited 15 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract The addition of several Torr hydrogen to a transversely excited pulsed high‐pressure CO₂ laser using continuous shaped electrodes has been found to suppress the formation of bright arcs and lead to better pulse‐to‐pulse reproducibility. The hydrogen increases the threshold energy for arc formation and leads to as much as a factor of 2 increase in the power output of the laser. The gain of the laser is also increased by the addition of hydrogen.

Select this Article		Green Electroluminescence in ZnSe☒ZnTe Heterojunctions by Liquid‐Phase Epitaxial Growth Shigeo Fujita, Seiichi Arai, Kunio Itoh, Fumi Moriai, and Tadao Sakaguchi Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 317 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654165 (2 pages) \| Cited 7 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract ZnSe☒ZnTe heterojunctions prepared by liquid‐phase epitaxial growth method exhibited green electroluminescence with the peak of about 5350 Å at 77°K. The photoluminescence at 77°K from uv excitation was also measured and it was found that the green emission seems to result from hole rather than electron injection.

Select this Article		Increase of Dislocation Density in Ice by Dissolved Hydrogen Fluoride Stephen J. Jones and Narendra K. Gilra Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 319 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654166 (2 pages) \| Cited 9 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF See Also: Erratum
	+ -	Show Abstract X‐ray topography shows that at − 18°C small amounts of hydrogen fluoride diffused into ice single crystals increased the density of dislocations by a factor of about 5 by introducing both prismatic dislocation loops and additional b=〈1120〉 dislocations.

Select this Article		Distortion of the Central Resonance in Long Interdigital Transducers M. R. Daniel and P. R. Emtage Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 320 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1654167 (3 pages) \| Cited 3 times Online Publication Date: 22 October 2003 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Experiments are reported showing that the central resonance in long uniform interdigital transducers is distorted and the bandwidth reduced. These phenomena are shown to result from back‐piezoelectric effects.