APL Nameplate
  • Volume/Page
  • Keyword
  • DOI
  • Citation
  • Advanced
   
 
 
 

Flickr Twitter iResearch App Facebook

SECTION LISTING

BROWSE VOLUMES

Year Range: 
Search Issue | RSS Feeds RSS
Previous Issue Next Issue

1 Aug 1974

Volume 25, Issue 3, pp. 127-172


Are unexpected bulk waves produced by surface wave transducers?

R. W. Weinert, P. R. Emtage, J. de Klerk, and Michael R. Daniel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 127 (1974); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655407 (2 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF


See Also: Erratum

Show Abstract
It was recently reported that a surface wave transducer could produce a beam of bulk waves whose tangential wave number was twice the fundamental wave number of the transducer; the wave numbers in the transducer's electric field are odd multiples of the fundamental. In this investigation it is found that the extra beam comes from mode conversion of rays reflected at the ends of the sample; the beam is not directly generated by the transducer.

Hysteresis in the deformation of nematic liquid crystal layers with homeotropic orientation

H. J. Deuling and W. Helfrich

Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 129 (1974); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655408 (2 pages) | Cited 19 times

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
An electric field deforming a nematic slab becomes inhomogeneous because of dielectric or conductive anisotropy. An investigation of the latter regime indicates that the Fréedericksz transition first becomes steeper and finally gives way to hysteresis as the conductive anisotropy is increased.

Electro‐optic diffraction modulator using out‐diffused waveguiding layer in LiNbO3

Juichi Noda, Naoya Uchida, and Tadashi Saku

Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 131 (1974); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655409 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A high‐speed Bragg‐type electro‐optic modulator with modified interdigital electrodes has been constructed using a Li out‐diffused waveguide layer in LiNbO3. The thickness of the layer is about 7 μm and only two modes, TE0 and TE1, are supported. For the TE0 mode, a maximum modulation index of about 70% is obtained up to 900 MHz with an applied voltage of 18 V.

Surface state memory in surface acoustoelectric correlator

A. Bers and J. H. Cafarella

Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 133 (1974); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655410 (3 pages) | Cited 23 times

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
We show that surface acoustic signals can be stored in and read from electron traps at the surface of a semiconductor that is adjacent to the piezoelectric on which the surface wave propagates. The observed memory action is explained by the large‐signal dynamics of the charging and discharging of the traps near a slightly depleted surface. The storage of the signal is accomplished by creating a zero‐frequency k pattern which fills the traps. The reading of the signal can be done by either correlation or convolution with another surface acoustic signal. This correlation device with internal memory does not require precise signal timing, operates with all signals at the same frequency, and does not require external time inversion of the reference signal.

Reflectivity studies of laser‐produced plasmas of variable density

T. Gruhl, H. Puell, and W. Kaiser

Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 135 (1974); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655411 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Light reflecting from a laser‐produced plasma was measured as a function of plasma density. Light pulses of a Nd‐glass laser (100‐psec duration and 1014−W∕cm2 intensity) were focused on a high‐pressure gas jet as a target. A distinct reflectivity maximum of 0.3 was observed for helium at a density value 30% below the critical density. The results are interpreted in terms of stimulated Brillouin scattering.

A physical model on the initiation of atmospheric‐pressure glow discharges

A. Jay Palmer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 138 (1974); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655412 (3 pages) | Cited 98 times

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A model on the preionization requirements for initiating a volume‐stabilized glow discharge is proposed. The basic requirement of the model is that the preionized electron density be large enough to cause appreciable spatial overlap of the primary avalanches and consequent smoothing of space‐charge field gradients at the stage when streamer formation would otherwise occur. A minimum required preionization electron density of ∼ 104 cm−3 is predicted for a typical CO2 TEA laser discharge and is consistent with experimental observations.

Scanning electron micrographs of self‐quenched breakdown regions in Al☒SiO2☒(100)Si structures

D. Y. Yang, W. C. Johnson, and M. A. Lampert

Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 140 (1974); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655413 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
SEM photographs of regions of breakdown produced in vacuum (10−3 Torr) are exhibited for four basic Al☒SiO2☒(100)Si configurations: p substrate, field plate + and field plate ‐, and n substrate, field plate + and field plate ‐. With p‐Si and field plate +, the geometry of the breakdown region reflects the anisotropic conductivity of hot electrons in Si along the (100) plane of the substrate wafer. Some properties of the breakdown correlate with the nature of the substrate surface channel (inversion versus accumulation); other properties correlate with the field‐plate polarity.

CdSe down‐converter tuned from 9.5 to 24 μm

D. C. Hanna, B. Luther‐Davies, R. C. Smith, and R. Wyatt

Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 142 (1974); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655414 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The signal and idler outputs from a proustite parametric oscillator have been difference mixed in a CdSe crystal to produce infrared radiation tuned continuously from 9.4 to 24.3 μm. Difference‐frequency powers, monitored by a pyroelectric detector, range from 10 W at 10 μm to 100 mW at 22 μm.

Optically excited organic dye vapor laser

P. W. Smith, P. F. Liao, C. V. Shank, T. K. Gustafson, C. Lin, and P. J. Maloney

Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 144 (1974); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655415 (3 pages) | Cited 25 times

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
We report the observation of laser action in an organic scintillator dye vapor (POPOP). The dye was heated in a suitable oven and the vapor excited with the 3371‐Å radiation from a pulsed N2 laser. 30 kW of laser output at 3930 Å was obtained at a dye temperature of 330°C.

Efficient LPE‐grown Inx Ga1 −x As LEDs at 1–1.1‐μm wavelengths

R. E. Nahory, M. A. Pollack, and J. C. DeWinter

Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 146 (1974); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655416 (3 pages) | Cited 17 times

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
We report the growth and fabrication of LPE multilayer Inx Ga1 −x As homojunction LEDs. Junction edge emission in the 1.0–1.1‐μm wavelength range was obtained with external efficiencies of ∼1%. An important feature of the device structure is the incorporation of simple stepwise compositional grading for lattice matching of the substrate and p‐n junction layers.

Operation of a 15‐atm electron‐beam‐controlled CO2 laser

N. W. Harris, F. O'Neill, and W. T. Whitney

Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 148 (1974); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655417 (4 pages) | Cited 18 times

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
We describe the operation of a 15‐atm electron‐beam‐controlled CO2 laser. Stable glow discharges have been sustained in the high‐pressure He:CO2:N2 mixtures for 0.5 μsec using an electron‐beam current of ≲1.5 A/cm2. A small‐signal gain ∼ 0.052 cm−1 has been measured in a 70%(He):25%(CO2):5%(N2) mixture for an energy input to the gas ∼ 115 J∕l atm. We have obtained a laser output energy of 1.2 J from a volume of 22 cm3 for an over‐all efficiency of 2.5%.

Quenching of laser action in cresyl violet by 6943‐Å radiation

D. E. Evans, J. Puric, and M. L. Yeoman

Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 151 (1974); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655418 (2 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Experiments demonstrate complete quenching of laser action in cresyl violet dye pumped by the second harmonic of a ruby laser, in the presence of 6943‐Å light. The mechanism responsible may be depletion by stimulated emission of the population in the upper laser level.

Photocapacitance investigation of defects in GaAs0.6P0.4

L. Forbes and R. M. Fogle

Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 152 (1974); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655419 (4 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
This work describes the application of the technique of photocapacitance transients to determine the photoionization cross section, thermal emission rates, and carrier capture coefficients or cross sections of defects in GaAs0.6P0.4. A coupled multiple‐level defect with a large hole capture cross section has been identified in n‐type GaAsP which will result in, and can account for, nanosecond nonradiative minority‐carrier or hole lifetimes in this material. The photoionization crosss section has a sharp threshold at 0.9 eV, placing the main level at 0.9 eV below the conduction band; a level of 0.9 eV has often been observed in GaAs and GaP.

Multiphoton photorefractive processes for optical storage in LiNbO3

D. von der Linde, A. M. Glass, and K. F. Rodgers

Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 155 (1974); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655420 (3 pages) | Cited 115 times

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Permanent reversible changes of the refractive index of pure and doped LiNbO3 have been obtained by multiphoton absorption. Greatly increased sensitivity over the linear process enables holograms to be recorded even in high‐purity LiNbO3, with a diffraction efficiency of 25% with less than 0.4 J∕cm2. These holograms can be read nondestructively, eliminating the need for fixing processes while the versatility of optical erasure is maintained.

Palladium silicide formation observed by Auger electron spectroscopy

G. Y. Robinson

Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 158 (1974); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655421 (3 pages) | Cited 20 times

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The growth kinetics and composition of thin films of Pd2Si on <111> single‐crystal Si was observed by combining Auger electron spectroscopy with the in situ sputter etching. The characteristic Auger spectrum for Pd2Si was measured and separately identified by x‐ray diffraction analysis. In‐depth composition profiles indicated that a Si‐rich region exists near the silicide∕silicon interface during the diffusion‐limited Pd2Si formation.

Coherent optical pulse reshaping in a resonant molecular absorber

S. M. Hamadani, J. Goldhar, N. A. Kurnit, and A. Javan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 160 (1974); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655422 (4 pages) | Cited 16 times

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The coherent reshaping of short‐duration (2–40 nsec) N2O laser pulses in a resonant NH3 absorber is studied for a variable number of absorption lengths (αl ≤ 14). For small‐area square pulses, the reshaping can produce subnanosecond pulses at the leading and trailing edges. A rapid phase reversal gives rise to amplification for times comparable to the transverse relaxation time. Zero‐degree pulses [ ∫ −∞∞E(z,t) d t = 0] are observed to propagate with enhanced transmission for both short‐duration low‐intensity pulses and longer pulses of intensity sufficient to enable observation of optical nutation effects.

Tantalum oxide light guide on lithium tantalate

Yong‐Kyung Lee and Shyh Wang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 164 (1974); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655423 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF


See Also: Erratum

Show Abstract
A technique is reported which allows formation of a light‐guiding Ta2O5 film onto an electro‐optic LiTaO3 crystal. We find it necessary to have an isolation layer (a 144‐Å SiO2 layer in our case) between the Ta film and the substrate in order to prevent interactions between them during thermal oxidation of the Ta film. Possible applications of the structure to thin‐film electro‐optic and acousto‐optic devices are examined.

Local control of uniaxial anisotropy in LPE bubble garnet films

E. M. Gyorgy, R. C. LeCraw, S. L. Blank, and R. Wolfe

Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 167 (1974); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655424 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Local control of the growth‐induced anisotropy in LPE bubble garnet films can be obtained by masking part of the film with a layer of epitaxial Gd3Ga5O12 and annealing at elevated temperatures (∼ 1200 °C) in a nitrogen atmosphere for approximately 1 h. In the regions exposed to nitrogen, the introduction of oxygen vacancies accelerates the reduction of Ku by the randomizing of the rare‐earth ion distribution.

Energy density and time constant of heavy‐ion‐induced elastic‐collision spikes in solids

Peter Sigmund

Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 169 (1974); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655425 (3 pages) | Cited 225 times

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF


See Also: Erratum

Show Abstract
Spike effects may influence sputtering and disordering of ion‐bombarded solids in the case of a high density of energy deposition and long lifetime. We estimate both quantities and find very pronounced variations with the atomic numbers of the projectile ion and target and the bombarding energy. The predicted energy range where sputtering should be affected is consistent with observed anomalies in the measured yield.
back to top
RSS Feeds
FREE

Erratum: Nonlinear correction to Ohm's law derived from Boltzmann's equation

R. H. Havemann, P. F. Engel, and J. R. Baird

Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 172 (1974); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655426 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Abstract Unavailable
Close

Google Calendar

ADVERTISEMENT

Go to AIP Home   © AIP Publishing LLC
close