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15 Jan 1975

Volume 26, Issue 2, pp. 27-71


Stabilization of the high−temperature phase of MnBi by the addition of rhodium or ruthenium

Kenneth Lee, J. C. Suits, and G. B. Street

Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 27 (1975); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.88060 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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It has been found that adding Rh or Ru to MnBi is effective in stabilizing the high−temperature β phase (distorted NiAs structure) relative to the low−temperature α phase (undistorted NiAs structure). This effect has been observed in both evaporated thin films and bulk samples. Addition of 1 at.% Rh to bulk MnBi increases the minimum time constant for the β→α transformation by 5 orders of magnitude. Stabilization is important in the use of MnBi for thermomagnetic recording.
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81.30.-t Phase diagrams and microstructures developed by solidification and solid-solid phase transformations
64.70.K- Solid-solid transitions
85.80.Lp Magnetothermal devices

Surface acoustic wave planar resonator using grating reflectors

T. R. Joseph, K. M. Lakin, and D. Penunuri

Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 29 (1975); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.88061 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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A surface acoustic wave resonator is described which utilizes electrically shorted gratings to form a resonant acoustic cavity where energy is introduced and removed by means of a short interdigital transducer placed in the center. Experimental results are presented for a device with two 100−finger pair gratings and a 9.5−finger pair central interdigital transducer (IDT) and compared with theoretical calculations. The device exhibits a resonant Q of 2300 at 47.55 MHz.
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43.58.+z Acoustical measurements and instrumentation
68.35.Gy Mechanical properties; surface strains
68.35.Iv Acoustical properties
43.35.-c Ultrasonics, quantum acoustics, and physical effects of sound

Acoustic waveguide with a cladded core geometry

G. D. Boyd, L. A. Coldren, and R. N. Thurston

Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 31 (1975); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.88062 (4 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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A new type of acoustic waveguide analogous to the clad optical fiber waveguide is described and experimental results are given. Modes exist in this structure which confine the acoustic energy to approximately the core due to the lower acoustical velocity in this region. The waveguide is excited with specially electroded bulk shear transducers bonded to the end surfaces. In the ∼100−MHz region both radial and torsional type modes may be attractive for long−delay (near 1 msec) low−loss serial memory applications.
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84.40.Az Waveguides, transmission lines, striplines
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
78.20.hb Piezo-optical, elasto-optical, acousto-optical, and photoelastic effects

Technique for capacitively voltage weighting interdigital surface acoustic wave transducers

William J. Tanski

Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 35 (1975); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.88063 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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A simple method is presented by which the voltage between electrodes on an interdigital surface acoustic wave (SAW) transducer is varied by means of capacitive voltage division. Using this technique, a capacitor is added in series with the capacitance of an electrode pair through the use of a single photolithographic mask. The capacitance values are determined by geometry alone. This method permits voltage weighting both transducers of a device, and it minimizes the effects of diffraction. Experimental results are presented in which the sidelobes in a SAW filter have been reduced to 45 dB below the passband level.
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07.07.Mp Transducers
72.50.+b Acoustoelectric effects

Elastic compression to 30 kbar along 〈111〉 in shocked LiF

Y. M. Gupta

Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 38 (1975); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.88064 (4 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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Experimental data are presented for shock propagation along the 〈111〉 crystallographic direction in single−crystal LiF. Within experimenal bounds, an elastic response to 30 kbar is observed. This is in marked contrast with identical 〈100〉 crystals and earlier studies on other single crystals. The elastic behavior along the 〈111〉 direction is in good agreement with low stress and strain rate studies but raises interesting questions regarding crystal strength and dislocation mechansim operative under shock loading.
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62.50.-p High-pressure effects in solids and liquids

Frequency dependence of multiphonon infrared absorption in the transparent regime of fluorite crystals

Kashinath V. Namjoshi, Shashanka S. Mitra, Bernard Bendow, James A. Harrington, and Don L. Stierwalt

Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 41 (1975); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.88065 (4 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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The first measurements of multiphonon absorption in fluorites carried out by the technique of spectral emittance are reported. Also, the first detailed comparison of theory and experiment for multiphonon absorption in fluorites is carried out, utilizing the present as well as previous data. The results provide strong evidence of intrinsic behavior over a wide range of frequencies above the Rehstrahl in these crystals.
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78.30.Hv Other nonmetallic inorganics
63.20.-e Phonons in crystal lattices

High−angular−resolution secondary−electron spectroscopy: Kikuchi correlations for As (0001)

T. W. Rusch and W. P. Ellis

Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 44 (1975); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.88066 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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A high−angular−resolution retarding−grid minianalyzer has been constructed for studying the amplitudes of Auger electron signals as a function of emission angle. With a resolution of 2° in angle and 1% in energy, a correlation was established between the directions of maximum emission of the As 12−eV peak and the open crystallographic directions of the Kikuchi−like display from As (0001).
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79.20.Hx Electron impact: secondary emission
79.20.Fv Electron impact: Auger emission

Heterostructure CdS1−xSex−CdS surface lasers for integrated optics

Mitsuo Kawabe, Hideo Kotani, Kohzoh Masuda, and Susumu Namba

Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 46 (1975); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.88067 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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Heterostructure CdS1−xSex−CdS surface lasers which have a larger refractive index and a smaller band gap than CdS substrates were fabricated by vapor phase epitaxy and their laser characteristics at 80 K were studied by using a nitrogen gas laser excitation. The Se profiles which were deduced from the fluorescence wavelength were steplike but graded due to diffusion. The optical gain of the epitaxially grown surface layer was larger than that of CdS single crystal owing to optical confinement. By stripe geometry excitation, an intense axial single−mode output was observed up to the excitation intensity three times as high as the threshold 70 kW/cm2. Optical coupling between the active and passive layers was observed in the samples which have a double epitaxial layer.
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42.60.Jf Beam characteristics: profile, intensity, and power; spatial pattern formation

Highly collimated laser beams from electrically pumped SH GaAs/GaAlAs distributed−feedback lasers

D. R. Scifres, R. D. Burnham, and W. Streifer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 48 (1975); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.88068 (3 pages) | Cited 27 times

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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Utilizing an electrically pumped single−heterostructure GaAs/GaAlAs distributed−feedback laser diode operating in fourth order we have obtained a highly collimated laser beam which is coupled out normal to the plane of the p−n junction rather than through the cleaved end mirrors. This beam is found to have an angular divergence of 0.35° in the dimension determined by the grating and is virtually 100% polarized with the E vector parallel to the grooves of the corrugated feedback structure.
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42.60.Jf Beam characteristics: profile, intensity, and power; spatial pattern formation
85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices

Pulsed double−heterostructure GaAs diode lasers in flexural and longitudinal vibrations

René Keller, Claude Voumard, and Horst Weber

Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 50 (1975); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.88051 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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The deformation behavior of pulsed double−heterostructure diode lasers at both mirror and contact surfaces was investigated by means of an interferometric technique. The diodes, which were only supported by the pressure of a wire connection, showed at the end of a current pulse an elongation and deflection behavior. Longitudinal and flexural vibrations of the diodes were measured after the application of a single current pulse and for the flexural vibrations a resonance behavior was observed during a current pulse train.
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42.60.Jf Beam characteristics: profile, intensity, and power; spatial pattern formation
85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices

Thermal instability in high−power laser discharges

J. H. Jacob and S. A. Mani

Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 53 (1975); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.88052 (3 pages) | Cited 26 times

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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The thermal and acoustic instabilities that could possibly cause arcing in high−power pulsed and cw gas lasers have been investigated. A cubic dispersion relation is obtained from linearization of the coupled hydrodynamic and Ohmic equations in which the electrical conductivity is dependent on the neutral density. We find that when the thermal wave is unstable the acoustic waves are damped, and vice versa. The growth rate of the instability is proportional to the power density for low input powers while it goes as the cube root of the power density for high input powers.
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42.55.Lt Gas lasers including excimer and metal-vapor lasers
42.60.Jf Beam characteristics: profile, intensity, and power; spatial pattern formation
52.80.Mg Arcs; sparks; lightning; atmospheric electricity

A hydrogen−sensitive MOS field−effect transistor

I. Lundström, S. Shivaraman, C. Svensson, and L. Lundkvist

Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 55 (1975); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.88053 (3 pages) | Cited 231 times

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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An MOS transistor in silicon with 10−nm silicon dioxide as gate insulator and 10−nm palladium as gate electrode was fabricated. The threshold voltage of this transistor was found to be a function of the partial pressure of hydrogen in the ambient atmosphere. At a device temperature of 150 °C it was possible to detect 40 ppm hydrogen gas in air with response times less than 2 min.
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07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
85.30.Tv Field effect devices
82.65.+r Surface and interface chemistry; heterogeneous catalysis at surfaces

Metallic state of Si in Si−noble−metal vapor−quenched alloys studied by Auger electron spectroscopy

A. Hiraki, A. Shimizu, M. Iwami, T. Narusawa, and S. Komiya

Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 57 (1975); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.88054 (4 pages) | Cited 33 times

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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Thin vapor−quenched films of Si−Au (Ag, Cu) alloys were studied by using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). In these films, when the concentration of the noble metal was more than a critical value (∼70 at.%), the Si (LVV) Auger spectrum had double peaks at 90 and 95 eV; these peak energies were all the same for Si−Au, Si−Ag, and Si−Cu. However, with smaller noble−metal concentrations, the Si (LVV) spectrum was nothing but that of pure Si having a single peak at 92 eV. These results are explained by the statement that the double−peaked spectrum reflects the metallic state of Si quenched from the liquid state and some amount of metal is necessary to stabilize the metallic Si.
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73.61.At Metal and metallic alloys
79.20.Fv Electron impact: Auger emission

Phase−matched harmonic generation in a laminar structure with wave propagation in the plane of the layers

J. P. van der Ziel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 60 (1975); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.88055 (2 pages) | Cited 29 times

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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A technique for obtaining phase−matched second harmonic generation using a finely layered structure with the radiation propagating parallel to the layers is analyzed.
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42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation

Anisotropic absorption saturation with picosecond pulses

C. V. Shank and E. P. Ippen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 62 (1975); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.88056 (2 pages) | Cited 80 times

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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A new technique for measuring fast recovery of anisotropic absorption saturation is described. Picosecond pulses from a mode−locked cw dye laser are used to induce and probe absorption saturation in the organic dye DODCI. Orientational relaxation of DODCI is measured as a function of solvent viscosity.
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42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings
33.50.-j Fluorescence and phosphorescence; radiationless transitions, quenching (intersystem crossing, internal conversion)

Double heterostructure Pb1−xSnxTe waveguides at 10.6 μm

R. W. Ralston, J. N. Walpole, T. C. Harman, and I. Melngailis

Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 64 (1975); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.88057 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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High−optical−quality planar waveguides have been fabricated in the Pb1−xSnxTe alloy system by molecular beam expitaxy. The structures consist of a 6−μm−thick low−carrier−concentration (≲4×1016 cm−3) Pb0.92Sn0.08Te layer vacuum deposited on an n−type PbTe substrate followed by a second 0.5−μm−thick epitaxial layer of n−type PbTe. The measured propagation loss of ⩽1.5 cm−1 (6.5 dB/cm) for TE−polarized 10.6−μm laser radiation in these waveguides at 77 K is sufficiently low for integrated optical circuits in this wavelength range, and the waveguide fabrication techniques are compatible with those used for lasers and detectors in Pb1−xSnxTe epitaxial layers.
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42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers

Superconducting critical currents of small coils of multifilamentary V3Ga wire under pulsed current excitation

K. Itoh and K. Tachikawa

Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 67 (1975); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.88058 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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In this study, the critical currents of small coils wound by multifilamentary wire of A−15−type superconducting V3Ga have been measured in large exciting speeds. The critical currents of the coils do not degrade up to exciting speeds of over 200 kOe/sec. The results are compared with those of similar coils wound by multifilamentary Nb−Ti wire.
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74.70.-b Superconducting materials other than cuprates
85.25.-j Superconducting devices

Dynamic conversion and bubble strip−out

G. P. Vella−Coleiro, F. B. Hagedorn, and S. L. Blank

Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 69 (1975); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.88059 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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The translational motion of magnetic bubbles in a field gradient has been studied with high−speed photography. No change in the bubble diameter was observed as the bubble moved in the field gradient, when using the compensation technique of Vella−Coleiro and Tabor. Thus the suggestion made recently by Josephs, that bubble strip−out can account for the scatter in the bubble velocity, is not applicable to our measurements. Dynamic conversion is the most plausible explanation of the velocity scatter that we observe, and circuit operation results at high frequencies support this viewpoint.
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75.60.Ch Domain walls and domain structure
FREE

Erratum: Noncollinear acousto−optic filter with large angular aperture

I. C. Chang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 71 (1975); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.88250 (1 page) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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Abstract Unavailable
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42.79.Ci Filters, zone plates, and polarizers
78.20.hb Piezo-optical, elasto-optical, acousto-optical, and photoelastic effects
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