APL Nameplate
  • Volume/Page
  • Keyword
  • DOI
  • Citation
  • Advanced
   
 
 
 

Flickr Twitter iResearch App Facebook

BROWSE VOLUMES

Year Range: 
Search Issue | RSS Feeds RSS
Previous Issue Next Issue

1 Aug 1977

Volume 31, Issue 3, pp. 139-241

Page 1 of 2 Pages Next Page | Jump to Page

A method for finding critical stresses of dislocation movement

S. M. Hu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 139 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89629 (3 pages) | Cited 29 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A method is presented which makes possible the determination of the critical resolved shear stress, τc, for dislocation movement in a crystal. The method is based on the analysis of dislocation rosettes which are generated either by microindentation, or by precipitates of a second phase. The method does not require a knowledge of the indentation (or precipitate) stress field; it requires only information on the positions of a set of leading dislocation loops. At once one can also obtain the effective indentation stress field and, for the first time, the precipitate stress field. For illustration, the method is applied to the determination of τc in silicon, using both indentation and precipitate dislocation rosettes. The value of τc thus obtained varies from a low of 3×107 dyn/cm2 in oxygen‐free samples to a high of 5.5×108 dyn/cm2 in a sample containing ∼2×1018 atoms/cm3 of oxygen with clustering. The SiO2 precipitate stress field in the present case was found to vary as x−1, suggesting that the precipitate is probably a thin plate.
Show PACS
61.72.Lk Linear defects: dislocations, disclinations
62.20.F- Deformation and plasticity
46.80.+j Measurement methods and techniques in continuum mechanics of solids
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep

EPR of a thermally induced defect in silicon

Y. H. Lee, R. L. Kleinhenz, and J. W. Corbett

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 142 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89630 (3 pages) | Cited 67 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Two EPR spectra are resolved in quenched silicon; one is attributed to a surface damage formed during the quench and the other to the interstitial iron (Fe0) previously identified by Woodbury and Ludwig in Fe‐diffused silicon. The enthalpy and entropy for the Fe0 formation are determined to be 2.39 (±0.03) eV and 3.3 (±0.3) K, respectively. The migration energy of Fe0 is 0.69 (±0.03) eV. The transition‐metal ion is present in as‐grown silicon and moves to the Td interstitial site upon heat treatment.
Show PACS
61.72.jd Vacancies
61.72.jj Interstitials
76.30.Fc Iron group (3d) ions and impurities (Ti-Cu)
66.30.J- Diffusion of impurities

An interdigital transducer for acoustic imaging

Kohji Toda and Yoichi Murata

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 144 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89631 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
We have devised a simple acoustic focusing device with an interdigital transducer in which all radiation from each section of the transducer constructively interferes at a focal point in water. The device is applicable to the acoustic imaging in both transmitting and reflecting modes.
Show PACS
43.60.+d Acoustic signal processing
43.38.+n Transduction; acoustical devices for the generation and reproduction of sound
68.35.Gy Mechanical properties; surface strains
68.35.Iv Acoustical properties

Surface acoustic waveguides on LiNbO3 formed by titanium in‐diffusion

J. F. Weller, J. D. Crowley, and T. G. Giallorenzi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 146 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89632 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
For the first time a surface acoustic waveguide has been made by diffusing titanium into yz‐LiNbO3 to serve as the fast cladding region. The guides are excited by transducers operating at 240 MHz and exhibit low loss. Dispersion characteristics presented illustrate the effects of lateral confinement.
Show PACS
84.40.Az Waveguides, transmission lines, striplines
68.35.Gy Mechanical properties; surface strains
68.35.Iv Acoustical properties
43.35.-c Ultrasonics, quantum acoustics, and physical effects of sound

CO2 laser‐produced ripple patterns on NixP1−x surfaces

N. R. Isenor

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 148 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89633 (3 pages) | Cited 59 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
When CO2‐laser pulses of ∼50 ns duration and intensity of ∼100–500 MW/cm2 are incident upon NixP1−x surfaces in oxygen‐containing atmospheres, distinctive ’’ripple’’ patterns are etched into the surfaces. The ripple wave fronts are normal to the E field and vary in spacing from ∼λlaser at normal incidence to ∼0.5λlaser for π polarization at grazing incidence.
Show PACS
79.20.Ds Laser-beam impact phenomena
52.35.-g Waves, oscillations, and instabilities in plasmas and intense beams
42.65.Dr Stimulated Raman scattering; CARS
42.65.Es Stimulated Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering
42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation

Pinch dynamics in diodes using foil anodes

P. Gilad, S. Miller, and Z. Zinamon

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 151 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89634 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
It is demonstrated that electron‐beam collapse in a diode using a thin foil anode takes place considerably faster than in a diode using a thick anode. The effect is shown to follow from earlier ion emission from a thin anode as well as from the different nature of the electron trajectories in that case. Applications for pellet fusion and for obtaining very high energy densities in matter are suggested.
Show PACS
52.80.Vp Discharge in vacuum
52.65.-y Plasma simulation

Increasing the ion beam current from a multidipole source

K. N. Leung, R. D. Collier, G. R. Taylor, and R. E. Kribel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 154 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89635 (2 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The ion beam current from a multidipole source can be increased by the injection of low‐energy primary electrons. By optimizing the injection energy, an increase in beam current of approximately 35% has been achieved.
Show PACS
29.25.Lg Ion sources: polarized
29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative
52.50.Dg Plasma sources
52.55.Jd Magnetic mirrors, gas dynamic traps

Interlayer diffusion in InSb/GaSb superlattice structure grown by multitarget rf sputtering

A. H. Eltoukhy, J. L. Zilko, C. E. Wickersham, and J. E. Greene

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 156 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89636 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The rate of interlayer diffusion during annealing of InSb/GaSb superlattice structures with layer thicknesses ranging from 12.5 to 50 Å has been investigated. The films were grown by multitarget rf sputtering on InSb‐coated Corning 7059 glass slides. The InSb underlayers were deposited at 320 °C and were approximately 300 Å thick. The multilayer films had a total thickness of ∼1 μm and were grown at either 200 or 250 °C in an Ar sputtering pressure of 15 mTorr (2 Pa). Prior to annealing the samples were encapsulated in a 1000‐Å‐thick rf sputtered overlayer of In2O3. InSb/GaSb interlayer diffusion was investigated using x‐ray diffraction techniques in which the intensity of satellite peaks around the Bragg reflection peaks were monitored as a function of annealing time. A diffusion coefficient of 4.5×10−21 cm2/sec was determined for an annealing temperature of 320 °C.
Show PACS
81.15.Cd Deposition by sputtering
66.30.Ny Chemical interdiffusion; diffusion barriers

A double‐layered encapsulant for annealing ion‐implanted GaAs up to 1100 °C

A. Lidow, J. F. Gibbons, and T. Magee

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 158 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89623 (4 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A double‐layered encapsulation consisting of a 1000‐Å plasma‐deposited Si3N4 layer under a 3000‐Å CVD SiO2 layer doped with arsenic has been used to anneal selenium ion‐implanted GaAs at temperatures up to 1100 °C with no signs of mechanical failure when examined with a scanning electron microscope. Significant improvement in electrical activation of implanted layers over simple Si3N4 layer caps has also been observed at lower temperatures.
Show PACS
61.80.Jh Ion radiation effects
61.72.U- Doping and impurity implantation
81.40.Rs Electrical and magnetic properties related to treatment conditions

A new inorganic electron resist of high contrast

Akira Yoshikawa, Osamu Ochi, Haruo Nagai, and Yoshihiko Mizushima

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 161 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89624 (3 pages) | Cited 39 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A novel inorganic electron resist is proposed. It is shown that the electron irradiation on a stacked layer composed of a thin Ag film over a layer of Se‐Ge chalcogenide amorphous glass enhances diffusion of Ag into Se‐Ge glass, in the same manner as in the case of photodoping. The Ag‐doped Se‐Ge film becomes almost insoluble in alkaline solutions. A negative‐type electron resist is realized by applying this effect. This inorganic electron resist is proved to exhibit an extremely high contrast (γ∼8). The sensitivity is 4×10−5 C/cm2 at 5 kV. It is confirmed that fine‐pattern delineation of less than 0.3 μm linewidth is possible.
Show PACS
85.40.Bh Computer-aided design of microcircuits; layout and modeling
81.05.Kf Glasses (including metallic glasses)
61.80.Fe Electron and positron radiation effects
82.50.-m Photochemistry

Gain and absorption measurements in a KrF∗ laser

A.M. Hawryluk, J. A. Mangano, and J. H. Jacob

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 164 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89625 (3 pages) | Cited 50 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The small‐signal gain and absorption of an electron‐beam‐excited KrF∗ laser mix was measured by probing the excited medium with a frequency‐doubled flashlamp‐pumped dye laser. The mixture contained 0.3% F2, 6% Kr, and 93.7% Ar. The doubled dye laser was used to determine the single‐pass gain or loss of this e‐beam‐excited mixture over the KrF∗ (2Σ1/2 →2Σ1/2) emission band. The KrF∗ and other relevant excited‐state number densities under the condition of the experiment were determined from a comprehensive kinetic model. The effective KrF∗ stimulated‐emission cross section was determined by dividing the measured gain per centimeter on line center by the excited‐state number density.
Show PACS
42.55.Lt Gas lasers including excimer and metal-vapor lasers

Gain and fluorescence measurements in photoionization‐stabilized XeF discharge lasers operating at high‐energy loadings

V. Hasson, C. M. Lee, R. Exberger, K. W. Billman, and P. D. Rowley

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 167 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89626 (3 pages) | Cited 20 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF


See Also: Erratum

Show Abstract
A recently developed simple photopreionization‐stabilized discharge scheme was adapted successfully to the excitation of XeF and KrF lasers at pressures of 0–1500 Torr. The authors report on the stabilization and excitation characteristics of F2 and NF3 : Xe : He discharges over a wide range of energy loadings. These results summarize and compare the detailed fluorescence and gain measurements. The (nonoptimized) XeF output energies of ∼1 J/liter compare favorably with those of other devices.
Show PACS
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.55.Lt Gas lasers including excimer and metal-vapor lasers
52.80.Hc Glow; corona

Optical multiplexer for multimode fiber transmission systems

W. J. Tomlinson and G. D. Aumiller

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 169 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89627 (3 pages) | Cited 17 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
We have constructed and tested an optical multiplexer for use with multimode optical fibers. The device utilized a blazed plane reflection grating with a single GRIN‐rod lens, and was made from commercially available components. The wavelength spacing of the two channels was 27 nm, the insertion losses were ⩽2.4 dB, and the crosstalk was <−30 dB. Optimized versions of the device should be capable of providing at least four channels, with still lower insertion losses, in a rugged stable package 1–2 cm long by 2–4 mm in diameter.
Show PACS
42.79.Sz Optical communication systems, multiplexers, and demultiplexers
42.30.-d Imaging and optical processing
42.81.-i Fiber optics
42.79.Dj Gratings

Harmonic generation in CO2 laser target interaction

N. H. Burnett, H. A. Baldis, M. C. Richardson, and G. D. Enright

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 172 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89628 (3 pages) | Cited 39 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
We report the observation of an extended series of integral harmonic lines in the spectrum of direct backscatter of 10.6‐μm radiation incident at intensities ≳1014 W/cm2 onto planar solid targets. We have observed and spectrally resolved up to the eleventh harmonic (0.95 μm) at intensities well above the plasma continuum background.
Show PACS
52.25.Os Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation
52.50.Jm Plasma production and heating by laser beams (laser-foil, laser-cluster, etc.)
52.40.Db Electromagnetic (nonlaser) radiation interactions with plasma
42.65.Dr Stimulated Raman scattering; CARS
42.65.Es Stimulated Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering
42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation

Fabrication of long fibers by an improved chemical vapor deposition method (HCVD method)

Takeshi Akamatsu, Koji Okamura, and Yoichi Ueda

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 174 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89637 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
An improved (CVD) method was developed to fabricate long fibers. He gas mixed with O2 and raw material vapors were introduced into the CVD gas system to increase the deposition rate. This produced a sixfold increase compared to the conventional method. In addition to GeO2, a small amount of P2O5 was added as a dopant to the fused silica to lower the fusion temperature of the deposited soot and minimize tube deformation during the deposition process. Step index fibers 8.5 km long were prepared. These exhibited a mean loss of 4.4 dB/km at a wavelength of 0.85 μm. The outer and the core diameters were 125 and 62.5 μm, respectively.
Show PACS
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
42.81.-i Fiber optics
81.15.Gh Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced CVD, MOCVD, ALD, etc.)

A transversely excited multiatmosphere CO2 waveguide laser

A. F. Gibson, K. R. Rickwood, and A. C. Walker

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 176 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89638 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A CO2 waveguide laser with a silicon cathode is described. Laser action can be obtained at pressures over 4 atm without preionization. At atmospheric pressue specific outputs as high as 5 J/l have been obtained, and the laer operated at pulse repetition frequencies up to 1 kHz.
Show PACS
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
42.55.Lt Gas lasers including excimer and metal-vapor lasers

Flash‐lamp‐excited NdP5O14 laser

S. R. Chinn and W. K. Zwicker

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 178 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89639 (4 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A simple miniature room‐temperature pulsed NdP5O14 laser excited by a small Xe flash lamp has been made, with threshold energies of a few hundred millijoules. Output energies of 1.5 mJ have been obtained with less than 1 J input, and an order‐of‐magnitude improvement is expected.
Show PACS
42.55.Rz Doped-insulator lasers and other solid state lasers
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
84.40.Ik Masers; gyrotrons (cyclotron-resonance masers)

Vacuum ultraviolet lasing from highly ionized noble gases

Jack B. Marling and Daniel B. Lang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 181 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89640 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Vacuum ultraviolet laser emission was obtained from highly ionized noble gases using a simple longitudinal discharge device. Electric discharge excitation pulses with 500 ns duration and peak current density up to 14 000 A/cm2 produced lasing on five argon and krypton ion transitions below 200 nm. The two strongest emissions exhibited 0.1–1 kW peak power from Kr IV at 195.027 nm and 175.641 nm.
Show PACS
42.55.Lt Gas lasers including excimer and metal-vapor lasers
42.72.-g Optical sources and standards
33.20.Ni Vacuum ultraviolet spectra

Bandwidth‐limited picosecond pulses from a neodymium‐phosphate glass oscillator

J. R. Taylor, W. Sibbett, and A. J. Cormier

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 184 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89641 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Direct measurements using a picosecond streak camera have shown that transform‐limited pulses having durations ∼5 psec are produced throughout the pulse train of a mode‐locked neodymium‐phosphate glass laser operating in the TEM00 mode. Under the conditions of higher‐power multimode operation, bandwidth‐limited pulses are generated in the initial part of the train only. Spectral and temporal broadening due to intensity‐dependent nonlinear effects are observed as the higher‐power mode‐locked trains evolve.
Show PACS
42.55.Rz Doped-insulator lasers and other solid state lasers
42.50.Md Optical transient phenomena: quantum beats, photon echo, free-induction decay, dephasings and revivals, optical nutation, and self-induced transparency
42.72.-g Optical sources and standards

Spectral phase‐matching properties for second harmonic generation in nonlinear crystals

Yung S. Liu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 187 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89642 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The spectral phase‐matching bandwidths in LiIO3, LiNbO3, CDA, and KDP (type I and type II) for second harmonic generation (SHG) at 1.06 μm have been accurately measured using a tunable line‐narrowed Nd : glass laser. The present results disagree with previously published data. Mechanisms such as sum‐frequency generation which could contribute to the discrepancy are discussed and demonstrated in a 90° phase‐matched deuterated CDA crystal.
Show PACS
42.65.Dr Stimulated Raman scattering; CARS
42.65.Es Stimulated Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering
42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation

Transient versus steady‐state molecular absorption: Application to CO2 laser pulse‐duration discrimination

B. J. Feldman, Robert A. Fisher, and E. J. McLellan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 189 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89643 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Transmission of short CO2 laser pulses in heated CO2, including pulse reshaping and ringing, is studied using single‐sweep oscilloscope‐detector combination having a 100‐psec rise time. We demonstrate that hot CO2 is extremely effective in increasing by as much as 1000‐fold the pulse‐to‐background intensity ratio in short‐pulse CO2 laser systems.
Show PACS
42.25.Bs Wave propagation, transmission and absorption
42.79.Ci Filters, zone plates, and polarizers
42.60.Jf Beam characteristics: profile, intensity, and power; spatial pattern formation
42.55.Lt Gas lasers including excimer and metal-vapor lasers

Laser action on the B2Σ+1/2→X2Σ+1/2 band of HgCl at 5576 Å

J. H. Parks

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 192 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89644 (3 pages) | Cited 81 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
This letter describes a new laser operating on the B2Σ+1/2→X2Σ+1/2 band of HgCl at 5576 Å. Pumping was achieved by high‐intensity electron‐beam excitation of high‐pressure rare‐gas mixtures containing small amounts of Hg and CCl4. A lower bound to the efficiency was determined to be 0.5% in an unoptimized configuration, and higher efficiency is expected.
Show PACS
42.55.Lt Gas lasers including excimer and metal-vapor lasers

Use of the optoacoustic effect to discover cw far‐infrared laser lines

B. Busse and R. Thurmaier

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 194 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89645 (2 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Two cw far‐infrared laser lines in optically pumped CH3CHF2 have been discovered by use of the optoacoustic effect. Our method is based on the observation that narrow maxima in the spectrophone output signal of a molecular gas are found for emission lines of a cw CO2 laser which pump the gas optically to far‐infrared laser action.
Show PACS
42.55.Lt Gas lasers including excimer and metal-vapor lasers
42.62.-b Laser applications
78.20.hb Piezo-optical, elasto-optical, acousto-optical, and photoelastic effects

Pinhole imaging of fast ions from laser‐produced plasmas

D. C. Slater

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 196 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89646 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Pinhole‐camera images formed by fast ions emitted from spherical‐glass‐shell targets uniformly irradiated by intense 1.06‐μm laser light have been recorded on cellulose‐nitrate films. The spatial resolution of the images is consistent with the 5‐ and 9‐μm pinhole size. The size of the image relative to the target size provides the first measurement of the angular distribution of fast‐ion emission from spherical targets. The observed images indicate a forward‐peaked distribution, but with very broad angular spread. Image sizes increase with laser intensity and pulse length.
Show PACS
52.70.Nc Particle measurements
52.50.Jm Plasma production and heating by laser beams (laser-foil, laser-cluster, etc.)

Effects of small misalignments in empty unstable resonators

J. F. Perkins and Charles Cason

Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 198 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.89622 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Effects of misalignment of rectangular‐cross‐section unstable resonators are investigated by calculations of eigenvalues and shapes of transverse modes of empty strip resonators. Small misalignments can substantially affect mode‐loss separation. A design criterion is suggested for choice of Fresnel numbers such that effects of misalignments are minimized.
Show PACS
42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings
Page 1 of 2 Pages Next Page | Jump to Page
Close

Google Calendar

ADVERTISEMENT

Go to AIP Home   © AIP Publishing LLC
close