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15 Jun 1981

Volume 38, Issue 12, pp. 957-1034

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Deliquescence as the mechanism for strong dust adhesion

R. W. Nosker, L. A. DiMarco, and Richard Williams

Appl. Phys. Lett. 38, 1023 (1981); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.92230 (2 pages)

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We have used a fine‐scale probe to explore large‐area substrates systematically and to determine the strength of adherence of dust particles. A small fraction of the particles becomes strongly adherent as a result of cycling the relative humidity above and below 80%. These particles are responsible for wear and malfunction in fine mechanical systems. We show that the mechanism by which most of these particles are cemented to the substrate involves solution and redeposition of water soluble salts.
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46.55.+d Tribology and mechanical contacts
68.08.-p Liquid-solid interfaces
68.43.-h Chemisorption/physisorption: adsorbates on surfaces
82.65.+r Surface and interface chemistry; heterogeneous catalysis at surfaces

Static polarization echoes in metallic powders

F. Tsuruoka and K. Kajimura

Appl. Phys. Lett. 38, 1025 (1981); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.92231 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

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Static polarization echoes of metallic powders placed in static magnetic fields are investigated. It is found that the stability of echoes is strongly affected by the atmospheric pressure of helium gas at 4.2 K, and most results are similar in nature to those of piezoelectric powders. These facts indicate that the process involves the macroscopic and mechanical reorientation of individual particles but not the phenomena inside the particles. An echo formation mechanism is proposed in the framework of the torque‐rotation model, in which the base axis of rotation is specified by the anisotropic dipole moment caused by the current associated with the mechanical oscillation of particles.
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62.20.-x Mechanical properties of solids
43.35.-c Ultrasonics, quantum acoustics, and physical effects of sound
43.25.-x Nonlinear acoustics

Measurements of ferroelectric switching characteristics in polyvinylidene fluoride

T. Furukawa and G. E. Johnson

Appl. Phys. Lett. 38, 1027 (1981); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.92232 (3 pages) | Cited 69 times

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The ferroelectric switching characteristics of polyvinylidene fluoride have been investigated by the time domain measurement of electric displacement under a step‐function field up to 200 MV/m at temperatures between −100 and 20 °C. Almost complete reversal of polarization is found to occur in a fairly short time if the applied field is sufficiently high. The switching time is 4 μsec at 20 °C under a field of 200 MV/m and increases significantly as either field or temperature decreases. The rate of change of polarization is greater than the rate associated with a single relaxation process. This is an indication of cooperative effects in the switching process of this ferroelectric polymer.
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77.80.-e Ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity
84.70.+p High-current and high-voltage technology: power systems; power transmission lines and cables

The geometry and spectral properties of Ne+3, Ar+3, Kr+3, and Xe+3

Willard R. Wadt

Appl. Phys. Lett. 38, 1030 (1981); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.92233 (3 pages) | Cited 101 times

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Ab initio polarization configuration interaction (POL‐CI) calculations show that Ne+3 and Ar+3 are both linear, in agreement with indirect experimental evidence on Ar+3 and in contradiction to earlier approximate theoretical calculations on Ar+3, which predicted an equilateral triangular geometry. The experimentally unknown Ne+3 dissociation energy is predicted to be 0.15±0.01 eV. Simple diatomics‐in‐molecules (DIM) calculations were shown to be in very good agreement with the ab initio results. DIM calculations predict that Kr+3 and Xe+3 are also linear. All the rare‐gas–trimer ions possess at least one very strong absorption band in the visible, even stronger than the near ultraviolet absorption band of the rare‐gas–dimer ions.
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31.50.Df Potential energy surfaces for excited electronic states
31.15.-p Calculations and mathematical techniques in atomic and molecular physics
42.55.Lt Gas lasers including excimer and metal-vapor lasers
FREE

Erratum: Lifetime measurement in Hg0.7Cd0.3Te by population modulation

J. A. Mroczkowski, J. F. Shanley, M. B. Reine, P. LoVecchio, and D. L. Polla

Appl. Phys. Lett. 38, 1033 (1981); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.92504 (1 page)

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Abstract Unavailable
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72.20.Jv Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, and trapping
72.80.Ey III-V and II-VI semiconductors
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)
99.10.Cd Errata
FREE

Erratum: Brillouin scattering from GaS under hydrostatic pressure up to 17.5 GPa

A. Polian, J. M. Besson, M. Grimsditch, and H. Vogt

Appl. Phys. Lett. 38, 1033 (1981); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.92505 (1 page)

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Abstract Unavailable
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62.20.D- Elasticity
62.50.-p High-pressure effects in solids and liquids
78.35.+c Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering; other light scattering
64.30.-t Equations of state of specific substances
99.10.Cd Errata
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Erratum: Monoenergetic Cs+ source with increased brightness

R. W. Dreyfus

Appl. Phys. Lett. 38, 1033 (1981); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.92506 (2 pages)

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Abstract Unavailable
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29.25.Lg Ion sources: polarized
29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative
99.10.Cd Errata
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