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20 Jun 1988

Volume 52, Issue 25, pp. 2099-2192

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Plasma emission from laser ablation of the high‐temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7

Wayne A. Weimer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 52, 2171 (1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99759 (3 pages) | Cited 66 times

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Emission spectra generated during the excimer laser ablation of the high‐temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 at 193 nm are presented. The feasibility of using this emission as a signal source for a thin‐film deposition process monitor is discussed. Results indicate the formation of a partially ionized plasma above the target surface.
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79.20.Ds Laser-beam impact phenomena
74.78.-w Superconducting films and low-dimensional structures
81.15.Rs Spray coating techniques
52.50.Jm Plasma production and heating by laser beams (laser-foil, laser-cluster, etc.)

As‐deposited superconducting Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O thin films on Si, Al2O3, and SrTiO3 substrates

R. M. Silver, A. B. Berezin, M. Wendman, and A. L. de Lozanne

Appl. Phys. Lett. 52, 2174 (1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99760 (3 pages) | Cited 48 times

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We have developed an electron beam evaporator designed to deal with the special requirements of thin films of oxide superconductors. The growing surface is sprayed with plasma‐excited oxygen while the sources and rate monitors operate in a low background pressure. This allows us to reproducibly grow films of Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O on Si, Al2O3, and SrTiO3 substrates at a substrate temperature of 540 °C which are superconducting without the need for annealing. The resistive transitions of most films show an onset of 90 K and zero resistance by 68 K. X‐ray diffraction indicates a preferred orientation for growth on most Si and SrTiO3 substrates. A preliminary measurement yields critical currents of at least 104 A/cm2 at 4.2 K for a film on silicon.
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81.15.-z Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy
74.78.-w Superconducting films and low-dimensional structures
74.25.Sv Critical currents
74.70.-b Superconducting materials other than cuprates

High‐energy elastic backscattering of helium ions for compositional analysis of high‐temperature superconductor thin films

J. A. Martin, M. Nastasi, J. R. Tesmer, and C. J. Maggiore

Appl. Phys. Lett. 52, 2177 (1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99761 (3 pages) | Cited 16 times

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A thin‐film technique for measuring the chemical composition of Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O thin films to a few percent accuracy is described. This technique utilizes non‐Rutherford backscattering of 8.8 MeV helium ions, which has an increased sensitivity 16O by a factor of 25 over Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The ratios of the cross sections for He++ scattered from oxygen, copper, and yttrium relative to barium are easily determined using thin‐film standards that can be fabricated in any deposition system capable of producing thin‐film superconductors. The technique does not require the constant use of standards or accurate charge determination.
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68.55.Nq Composition and phase identification
74.70.-b Superconducting materials other than cuprates
74.78.-w Superconducting films and low-dimensional structures
82.80.Ms Mass spectrometry (including SIMS, multiphoton ionization and resonance ionization mass spectrometry, MALDI)

Spin‐on Bi4Sr3Ca3Cu4O16+x superconducting thin films from citrate precursors

S. L. Furcone and Y.‐M. Chiang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 52, 2180 (1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99762 (3 pages) | Cited 12 times

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Thin films in the Bi‐Sr‐Ca‐Cu‐O system have been synthesized from homogeneous liquid citrate precursors by a spin‐coating and pyrolysis method. Films prepared on SrTiO3 substrates of [100] orientation show strongly textured orientations with the c axis of the predominant Bi4 Sr3 Ca3 Cu4 O16+x phase normal to the film plane. In a single coating and firing, crack‐free films of 0.2–0.5 μm thickness are obtained. For films fired to peak temperatures of 850–875 °C, linearly decreasing resistance with temperature is observed, with ρ (300 K)∼460 μΩ cm and ρ (300 K)/ρ (100 K)∼2.4. Clear onsets of superconductivity are observed at 90–100 K, with occasional films showing smaller resistant drops at 110–120 K. For all films, Tc (R=0) occurs in the range 70–75 K. High critical current densities at 4.2 K of 5–8×105 A/cm2 are measured by direct transport.
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74.78.-w Superconducting films and low-dimensional structures
81.15.Lm Liquid phase epitaxy; deposition from liquid phases (melts, solutions, and surface layers on liquids)
74.70.-b Superconducting materials other than cuprates
74.25.Sv Critical currents
74.62.Bf Effects of material synthesis, crystal structure, and chemical composition

Ozone‐UV irradiation effects on Ba2YCu3O7−x thin films

H. Tamura, A. Yoshida, S. Morohashi, and S. Hasuo

Appl. Phys. Lett. 52, 2183 (1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99763 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

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We studied the effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in an ozone atmosphere on the electrical properties of Ba2 YCu3 O7−x thin films. The ozone‐UV treatment had effects similar to plasma oxidation; it decreased the room‐temperature resistivity and increased the zero resistance temperature of 460 nm Ba‐Y‐Cu‐O thin films. Film resistivity decreased by about 25% in 100 min during ozone‐UV treatment. This decreasing rate is one order of magnitude lower than plasma treatment. The ozone‐UV treatment, however, resulted in a more stable film than the plasma treatment. The rate at which the room‐temperature resistivity increased, measured 35 days after the ozone‐UV treatment, was 0.06%/day, or about 1/6 that of the plasma treatment.
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74.78.-w Superconducting films and low-dimensional structures
81.05.Je Ceramics and refractories (including borides, carbides, hydrides, nitrides, oxides, and silicides)
81.65.-b Surface treatments
68.55.Nq Composition and phase identification
81.40.Rs Electrical and magnetic properties related to treatment conditions

Reactive ion beam deposition of thin films in the bismuth‐calcium‐strontium‐copper oxide ceramic superconductor system

A. B. Harker, P. H. Kobrin, P. E. D. Morgan, J. F. DeNatale, J. J. Ratto, I. S. Gergis, and D. G. Howitt

Appl. Phys. Lett. 52, 2186 (1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99764 (2 pages) | Cited 19 times

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Reactive ion beam deposition has been used to grow c‐axis‐oriented superconducting thin films in the Bi‐Ca‐Sr‐Cu‐O (BCSCO) system around the cation ratio 1:1:1:1 on single‐crystal (001) MgO. The films show a single superconducting transition with an initial onset near 85 K and a critical current of 5×104 A/cm2 at 10 K. Two different BCSCO‐containing phases have been identified in the thin films: one with a tetragonal pseudo‐body‐centered subcell, c=24.4 Å, which is not superconducting above 28 K, and a second with c=30.6 Å, which is responsible for the superconductivity. Electron diffraction measurements on the 30.6 Å phase are consistent with those previously reported for the bulk ceramic.
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81.15.Cd Deposition by sputtering
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
74.78.-w Superconducting films and low-dimensional structures
74.10.+v Occurrence, potential candidates

Field‐induced spin reorientation in erbium‐iron‐manganese‐boron

F. E. Pinkerton, C. D. Fuerst, and G. P. Meisner

Appl. Phys. Lett. 52, 2188 (1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99765 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

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Er2Fe14B undergoes a spin reorientation from a low‐temperature planar moment orientation to a high‐temperature axial orientation at Ts=336 K. We report for the first time that the planar to axial reorientation can be induced at temperatures below Ts by applying a sufficiently large magnetic field. Room‐temperature reorientation in Er2Fe14B is induced at a field of about 120 kOe. Investigation of Er2Fe14−xMnxB compounds shows that the field required to induce reorientation decreases as T approaches Ts from below. The magnetic moment is larger in the axial orientation than in the planar orientation; hence, reorientation occurs at the field where the magnetostatic energy gained by the larger axial moment overcomes the unfavorable anisotropy energy at temperatures near Ts.
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75.30.Kz Magnetic phase boundaries (including classical and quantum magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
75.50.Gg Ferrimagnetics
75.25.-j Spin arrangements in magnetically ordered materials (including neutron and spin-polarized electron studies, synchrotron-source x-ray scattering, etc.)
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Comment on ‘‘Energy requirements in communication’’ [Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 2056 (1987)]

Wolfgang Porod

Appl. Phys. Lett. 52, 2191 (1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99531 (1 page) | Cited 4 times

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Abstract Unavailable
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89.70.-a Information and communication theory
89.20.Ff Computer science and technology
05.90.+m Other topics in statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems (restricted to new topics in section 05)
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Response to ‘‘Comment on ‘Energy requirements in communication’ ’’ [Appl. Phys. Lett. 52, 2191 (1988)]

Rolf Landauer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 52, 2191 (1988); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99532 (2 pages)

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Abstract Unavailable
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89.70.-a Information and communication theory
89.20.Ff Computer science and technology
05.90.+m Other topics in statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems (restricted to new topics in section 05)
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