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5 Jan 1998

Volume 72, Issue 1, pp. 1-133

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Effect of gravitational acceleration on temperature wave propagation in a critical fluid

Koji Ishii, Toru Maekawa, Hisao Azuma, Shoichi Yoshihara, and Mitsuru Onishi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 16 (1998); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120632 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

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Temperature propagation near the critical point of a classical fluid is investigated theoretically. The governing equations of thermal energy transfer near the critical point are introduced and a linear analysis is carried out. The dispersion relation between the angular frequency and the wave number is obtained and the wave characteristics are discussed. The effect of gravitational acceleration on the temperature wave propagation is made clear. Through this analysis, the following results were obtained; (1) The propagation speed of temperature waves is math,where γ, ρ0, and κT are, respectively, the ratio of specific heats, the density, and the isothermal compressibility, with or without gravity if the wavelength is larger than 10−3.(2) The amplitude of wave increases with time in the antigravitational direction and decreases in the gravitational direction but the decay time is long if the wave number is small. (3) Waves decay quickly if the wave number is larger than 104. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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65.20.-w Thermal properties of liquids
51.30.+i Thermodynamic properties, equations of state
05.70.Ce Thermodynamic functions and equations of state
62.10.+s Mechanical properties of liquids

Generation of ultrashort, discrete spectrum microwave pulses using the dc to ac radiation converter

P. Muggli, R. Liou, J. Hoffman, T. Katsouleas, and C. Joshi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 19 (1998); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120633 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

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The output radiation of a dc to ac radiation converter is characterized. A relativistic ionization front passing through a capacitor array of period d = 1 cm produces short pulses of tunable radiation between 39 and 84 GHz with a gas pressure between 0 and 30 mT. The frequency spectra of the produced pulses are discrete and exhibit full widths at half maximum between 12% and 28%, consistent with the expected width for six cycles’ pulses. An upper bound of 750 ps (detection bandwidth limited) is placed on the pulse widths. These are the shortest pulses produced by a source of coherent radiation in this frequency range. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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52.59.Ye Plasma devices for generation of coherent radiation
52.25.Os Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation
07.57.Hm Infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave, and radiowave sources
52.50.Jm Plasma production and heating by laser beams (laser-foil, laser-cluster, etc.)
52.40.Db Electromagnetic (nonlaser) radiation interactions with plasma
52.40.Fd Plasma interactions with antennas; plasma-filled waveguides

Emission of excimer radiation from direct current, high-pressure hollow cathode discharges

Ahmed El-Habachi and Karl H. Schoenbach

Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 22 (1998); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120634 (3 pages) | Cited 79 times

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A novel, nonequilibrium, high-pressure, direct current discharge, the microhollow cathode discharge, has been found to be an intense source of xenon and argon excimer radiation peaking at wavelengths of 170 and 130 nm, respectively. In argon discharges with a 100 μm diam hollow cathode, the intensity of the excimer radiation increased by a factor of 5 over the pressure range from 100 to 800 mbar. In xenon discharges, the intensity at 170 nm increased by two orders of magnitude when the pressure was raised from 250 mbar to 1 bar. Sustaining voltages were 200 V for argon and 400 V for xenon discharges, at current levels on the order of mA. The resistive current–voltage characteristics of the microdischarges indicate the possibility to form arrays for direct current, flat panel excimer lamps. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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52.80.Hc Glow; corona
42.72.Bj Visible and ultraviolet sources
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