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6 Jul 1998

Volume 73, Issue 1, pp. 1-131

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Noncontact scanning probe microscope potentiometry of surface charge patches: Origin and interpretation of time-dependent signals

Samia Cunningham, Ivan A. Larkin, and John H. Davis

Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 123 (1998); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121788 (3 pages) | Cited 31 times

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We have modeled the generation of a voltage signal in noncontact potentiometric scanning force microscopy for a locally enhanced potential due to an isolated patch of electrostatic charge on an insulating surface. Both the distribution of the charge and the dielectric nature of the insulator is taken into account. When the charge is assumed to disperse ohmically on the surface, a complex time-dependent decay in the signal occurs. The profile of the decay predicted by this assumption has a shape similar to that observed experimentally in submicron scale contact charging experiments. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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73.25.+i Surface conductivity and carrier phenomena

Spin-coated ferroelectric SrBi2Nb2O9 thin films

Koji Watanabe, Masahiro Tanaka, Eiko Sumitomo, Kenji Katori, Hajime Yagi, and J. F. Scott

Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 126 (1998); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121705 (3 pages) | Cited 34 times

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The electrical and microstructural properties of pure strontium bismuth niobate (SBN) prepared by spin coating have been examined. Randomly ordered films have larger dielectric constants and remanent polarization values (maximum of Pr = 12.5 μC/cm2) than do c-axis oriented films. The heretofore unexplained dependences of Pr upon Sr content in SBN and SBT is shown to be entirely due to the sensitivity of grain orientation to Sr content in SBN. Vertical shifts (P axis) in the hysteresis curves are eliminated via ozone anneals. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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77.55.-g Dielectric thin films
77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)
77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization
77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology

Dynamic nucleation of ice induced by a single stable cavitation bubble

K. Ohsaka and E. H. Trinh

Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 129 (1998); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121706 (3 pages) | Cited 23 times

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Evidence is presented of the dynamic nucleation of ice induced by an isolated stable cavitation bubble in undercooled water. The evidence supports the notion of dynamic nucleation as a result of the freezing point shift due to high pressure pulses associated with a collapsing bubble. It is found that the cavitation bubble requires minimum undercooling, 5 K, to initiate nucleation on ice. This undercooling may be attributed to the temperature rise of the water due to the heat generated by compression of the bubble or the undercooling required for normal ice to nucleate on a high pressure phase. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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64.70.D- Solid-liquid transitions
62.50.-p High-pressure effects in solids and liquids
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