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27 Jul 1998

Volume 73, Issue 4, pp. 423-552

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Effect of crystal phases on refractive index profiles of annealed proton-exchanged waveguides in X-cut LiTaO3

D. B. Maring, R. F. Tavlykaev, R. V. Ramaswamy, Yu. N. Korkishko, V. A. Fedorov, and J. M. Zavada

Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 423 (1998); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122220 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

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Show Abstract
A complete structural phase diagram of annealed proton-exchanged X-cut LiTaO3 is presented, to relate refractive index change to proton-induced lattice deformation. From this diagram, explanations for the previously observed phenomena of index increase upon annealing and index decrease with increasing proton concentration (above a certain value) are derived. We have analyzed the evolution of index profiles during postexchange annealing, describing how the presence of multiple phases within a waveguide can lead to large index variations and buried index profiles. Finally, we identify at least two high-concentration phases that exhibit large temporal instabilities. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
Show PACS
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)
82.30.Hk Chemical exchanges (substitution, atom transfer, abstraction, disproportionation, and group exchange)
61.72.Cc Kinetics of defect formation and annealing
61.80.Jh Ion radiation effects

White light emission from exciplex in a bilayer device with two blue light-emitting polymers

Ching-Ian Chao and Show-An Chen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 426 (1998); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121888 (3 pages) | Cited 107 times

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Bilayer polymer light-emitting diodes with two blue light-emitting materials, poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and poly(2-dodecyl-p-phenylene) (C12O-PPP), can emit blue or white light, depending on the solvent used in the fabrication of the second layer, C12O-PPP. If hexane (the nonsolvent for PVK) is used, the device emits blue light as a single layer device with C12O-PPP. However, if toluene (the cosolvent for the two polymers) is used, the device emits white light originating from an exciplex emission at the bilayer interface in addition to the exciton emission from C12O-PPP. At low temperatures, the intensity of the exciplex emission drops and that of the exciton emission becomes dominant. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
71.35.-y Excitons and related phenomena

Thick lens model for self-focusing in Kerr medium

Yu-Chuan Chen and Wei-Zhu Lin

Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 429 (1998); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121889 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

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An asymmetric “thick-lens” model for self-focusing in Kerr medium of finite thickness is presented by introducing a complex curvature radius of a Gaussian beam in nonlinear medium and a transfer matrix for the transition from linear to nonlinear medium. With this model the linear ABCD-matrix formalism can be extended to nonlinear optical systems with a clear physical insight. The modulation of the cavity transverse mode of a resonator containing a Kerr medium is characterized by the asymmetry of the “thick lens.” The intracavity small-signal relative spot size variation outside as well as inside the Kerr medium can be calculated efficiently with the “thick-lens”-like matrix formalisms. Criteria for the design and optimization of a Kerr-lens mode-locked laser resonator with a hard or soft aperture are predicted. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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42.65.Jx Beam trapping, self-focusing and defocusing; self-phase modulation
42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors

Third harmonic generation through coupled second-order nonlinear optical parametric processes in quasiperiodically domain-inverted Sr0.6Ba0.4Nb2O6 optical superlattices

Yong-yuan Zhu, R. F. Xiao, J. S. Fu, G. K. L. Wong, and Nai-ben Ming

Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 432 (1998); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121890 (3 pages) | Cited 18 times

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A one-dimensional quasiperiodically domain-inverted optical superlattice has been designed and fabricated in a strontium barium niobate (Sr0.6Ba0.4Nb2O6) single-crystal plate. A third harmonic output generated through coupled second-order nonlinear parametric processes with a conversion efficiency of about 1.6% was obtained when both the second harmonic and the third harmonic were simultaneously quasiphase matched in the crystal. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation
42.70.Mp Nonlinear optical crystals
78.66.Nk Insulators

Control of microcavity effects in full color stacked organic light emitting devices

P. E. Burrows, V. Khalfin, G. Gu, and S. R. Forrest

Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 435 (1998); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121891 (3 pages) | Cited 33 times

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We model a three-color stacked organic light emitting device (SOLED) and determine the influence of microcavity effects on the color saturation of the layered, light emitting elements. Using the model, we design and demonstrate a SOLED with good color saturation and minimal viewing angle effects. The Commission Internationale de L’Éclairage chromaticity coordinates for the red, green, and blue subpixels of the SOLED are (0.68, 0.32), (0.32, 0.53), and (0.14, 0.19), respectively. The full color SOLED opens a path to full color, lightweight displays utilizing vertically stacked color elements to maximize the resolution and aperture ratio of the display. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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42.79.Kr Display devices, liquid-crystal devices
85.60.Pg Display systems

Photoluminescence from gas-suspended SiOx nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation

David B. Geohegan, Alex A. Puretzky, Gerd Duscher, and Stephen J. Pennycook

Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 438 (1998); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121892 (3 pages) | Cited 49 times

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Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectra are reported for gas-suspended 1–10 nm diameter SiOx particles formed by laser ablation of Si into 1–10 Torr He and Ar. Three spectral bands (1.8, 2.5 and 3.2 eV) similar to PL from oxidized porous silicon were measured, but with a pronounced vibronic structure. Particle size and composition were determined with Z-contrast transmission electron microscopy imaging and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy linescans of individual nanoparticles. Maximized violet (3.2 eV) PL from the gas-suspended nanoparticles was correlated with an ex situ SiO1.4 overall particle stoichiometry. Cryogenically-collected gas-suspended nanoparticles produced web-like-aggregate films exhibiting very weak PL. Standard anneals restored strong PL bands without vibronic structure, but otherwise in agreement with the PL measured from the gas-suspended nanoparticles. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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78.55.Hx Other solid inorganic materials
78.66.Jg Amorphous semiconductors; glasses
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials
81.07.-b Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization
81.65.-b Surface treatments
78.47.-p Spectroscopy of solid state dynamics
79.20.Kz Other electron-impact emission phenomena

Raman spectra of the ordered vacancy compounds CuIn3Se5 and CuGa3Se5

C. Rincón, S. M. Wasim, G. Marín, J. M. Delgado, J. R. Huntzinger, A. Zwick, and J. Galibert

Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 441 (1998); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121893 (3 pages) | Cited 32 times

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The optical vibrational modes of the ordered vacancy compounds CuIn3Se5 and CuGa3Se5 have been obtained by Raman spectra at various temperatures. The totally symmetric A1 mode appears around 155 and 167 cm−1 in CuIn3Se5 and CuGa3Se5, respectively. All the lines observed, except the B1 modes, present a reduction in their frequencies by about 10% as compared to the corresponding values in the CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 chalcopyrites. This is due to the presence in these compounds of an array of vacancies occupying particular sites in the cation sublattice. These tend to relax the stretching forces thus reducing the vibrational frequencies. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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78.30.Hv Other nonmetallic inorganics
61.72.J- Point defects and defect clusters
63.20.kp Phonon-defect interactions

Coherent terahertz radiation detection: Direct comparison between free-space electro-optic sampling and antenna detection

Y. Cai, I. Brener, J. Lopata, J. Wynn, L. Pfeiffer, J. B. Stark, Q. Wu, X. C. Zhang, and J. F. Federici

Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 444 (1998); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121894 (3 pages) | Cited 41 times

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We compare the use of free-space electro-optic sampling (FSEOS) with photoconducting antennas to detect terahertz (THz) radiation in the range of 0.1–3 THz. For the same average THz power and low-frequency modulation, signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity are better with antenna detection at frequencies smaller than 3 THz. When the modulation frequency is increased to more than 1 MHz in FSEOS, both detection schemes have comparable performance. Using a singular-electric-field THz emitter, we demonstrate the feasibility of a THz imaging system using real-time delay scanning in FSEOS and only 20 mW of laser power. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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07.57.Kp Bolometers; infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave, and radiowave receivers and detectors
84.40.Ba Antennas: theory, components and accessories
85.60.-q Optoelectronic devices
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