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22 Mar 1999

Volume 74, Issue 12, pp. 1645-1775

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Enhancement of hard x-ray emission from a copper target by multiple shots of femtosecond laser pulses

Yoichiro Hironaka, Yasushi Fujimoto, Kazutaka G. Nakamura, Ken-ichi Kondo, and Masatake Yoshida

Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1645 (1999); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123641 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

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The x-ray generation from a copper disk target by irradiation of femtosecond laser pulses (42 fs, 4T W in maximum) has been investigated. The intensity of the x rays is enhanced about 100 times by the multiple laser shots on the target. A temporal profile of the x rays consists of two components: a short pulse with a time duration of 6 ps and a pulse with exponential decay. The enhancement of the x rays corresponds to the increase of the short-pulse component. A relationship between the intensity enhancement and morphology of the irradiated target is discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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07.85.Fv X- and γ-ray sources, mirrors, gratings, and detectors
52.50.Jm Plasma production and heating by laser beams (laser-foil, laser-cluster, etc.)
42.65.Re Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression
68.35.B- Structure of clean surfaces (and surface reconstruction)

Laser action in polydialkylfluorene films: Influence of low-temperature thermal treatment

M. N. Shkunov, R. Österbacka, A. Fujii, K. Yoshino, and Z. V. Vardeny

Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1648 (1999); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123642 (3 pages) | Cited 28 times

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We have used a variety of optical probes to investigate the changes occurring upon low-temperature thermal treatment to the emissive properties of dialkyl substituted polyfluorene thin films. We found that the low-temperature-driven morphological changes involving aggregates formation, which are observed in the absorption and photoluminescence spectra at low excitation intensities, give rise at high excitation intensities to laser action in the blue spectral range. In some cases, switching between two stimulated emission bands was also observed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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78.45.+h Stimulated emission
42.70.Hj Laser materials
78.66.Qn Polymers; organic compounds
61.41.+e Polymers, elastomers, and plastics
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
42.70.Jk Polymers and organics
42.55.Rz Doped-insulator lasers and other solid state lasers
78.55.Kz Solid organic materials
78.40.Me Organic compounds and polymers
42.50.Md Optical transient phenomena: quantum beats, photon echo, free-induction decay, dephasings and revivals, optical nutation, and self-induced transparency

All-optical inverter operating at 1.53 μm laser in erbium yttrium aluminum garnets

Yoshinobu Maeda

Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1651 (1999); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123643 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

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An all-optical inverter derived from the negative nonlinear absorption effect was demonstrated in erbium–yttrium aluminum garnet crystals using 1.53 μm laser diode. The effect was obtained at wavelengths of 1532 to 1534 nm in absorption spectra corresponding to the transition from the 4I15/2 to the 4I13/2 levels in Er3+ for sample lengths greater than 1.0 mm. The reversed-phase transmitted wave forms were observed at modulation frequencies from 1 kHz to 1 GHz. The negative nonlinear absorption effect can be explained by considering an enhanced absorption model for a four-level system of the Er3+ ion. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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42.79.Ta Optical computers, logic elements, interconnects, switches; neural networks
42.65.Pc Optical bistability, multistability, and switching, including local field effects
42.50.Md Optical transient phenomena: quantum beats, photon echo, free-induction decay, dephasings and revivals, optical nutation, and self-induced transparency

Bistability and self-pulsation in quantum-dot lasers with intracavity quantum-dot saturable absorbers

O. Qasaimeh, W.-D. Zhou, J. Phillips, S. Krishna, P. Bhattacharya, and M. Dutta

Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1654 (1999); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123644 (3 pages) | Cited 20 times

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Self-organized In0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs quantum-dot single-mode ridge waveguide lasers with intracavity absorber were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Bistability in the light–current characteristics of 3 μm single-mode edge-emitting laser was obtained by controlling the intracavity absorber voltage. Self-pulsation was also observed with a center frequency of 1.6 GHz and linewidth <10 MHz. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings
42.65.Pc Optical bistability, multistability, and switching, including local field effects
85.35.Be Quantum well devices (quantum dots, quantum wires, etc.)
78.66.Fd III-V semiconductors

Remanent photoinduced birefringence in thin photochromic sol–gel films

J. Peretti, J. Biteau, J.-P. Boilot, F. Chaput, V. I. Safarov, J.-M. Lehn, and A. Fernández-Acebes

Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1657 (1999); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123645 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

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High remanent optical anisotropy in photochromic sol–gel films is shown to be photoinduced by discoloration with linearly polarized visible light. This anisotropy results in a linear dichroism in the visible absorption band and in an important birefringence in the near-infrared transparency region. The kinetics of the whole process are quantitatively well described by a simple analytical model. Intrinsic characteristics of the individual molecule, such as the photochemical quantum yield and the anisotropy of their optical properties, are determined. The potential application of this effect to optical data storage is discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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42.70.Gi Light-sensitive materials
42.70.Jk Polymers and organics
78.20.Fm Birefringence
78.66.Qn Polymers; organic compounds
42.70.Ln Holographic recording materials; optical storage media

Modeling and experimental observation of parametric processes in segmented KTiOPO4 channel waveguides

Michael Sundheimer, Pierre Aschieri, Pascal Baldi, and John Bierlein

Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1660 (1999); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123646 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

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This letter presents a modeling technique for quasiphase-matched parametric processes in segmented channel waveguides and the results of measurements of infrared parametric fluorescence in segmented KTiOPO4 channel waveguides. We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally a strong dependence of optical parametric oscillator tuning curves and parametric conversion efficiency (parametric gain) on the segmentation duty cycle. We show that the optimum conversion efficiency for parametric interactions in segmented waveguides is obtained for duty cycles greater than 50%. Our results validate the use of an effective continuous waveguide model for segmented channel waveguide calculations over a wide range of wavelengths and duty cycles. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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42.65.Yj Optical parametric oscillators and amplifiers
42.70.Nq Other nonlinear optical materials; photorefractive and semiconductor materials
42.65.Wi Nonlinear waveguides
42.82.Et Waveguides, couplers, and arrays
78.55.Hx Other solid inorganic materials

Integration of wavelength signal divider and infrared photodetectors based on the plasma dispersion effect in SiGe/Si

Baojun Li, Zuimin Jiang, Chengwen Pei, Jie Qin, Xun Wang, Guozheng Li, Jianjun Wan, and Enke Liu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1663 (1999); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123647 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

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Based on the plasma dispersion effect, a single-mode SiGe wavelength signal divider (WSD) integrated with infrared photodetectors for optical communication at the wavelengths of 1.3 and 1.55 μm is proposed and fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy. The device performances are measured. The crosstalks of the WSD at a forward modulation bias of 1.2 V are −25 and −18 dB at 1.3 and 1.55 μm, respectively. The insertion losses are 2.01 and 2.64 dB for 1.3 and 1.55 μm, respectively. At −5 V reverse bias, the dark currents of the detectors at the 1.3 and 1.55 μm output branches are 45 and 64 nA, respectively. Photocurrent responsivities of 0.08 and 0.07 A/W for the two detectors at the 1.3 and 1.55 μm output branches have been achieved. The quantum efficiencies of the whole WSD and detector integration system are estimated to be about 19% and 18.2% for the 1.3 and 1.55 μm output branches, respectively. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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42.79.Sz Optical communication systems, multiplexers, and demultiplexers
85.60.Gz Photodetectors (including infrared and CCD detectors)
42.82.Et Waveguides, couplers, and arrays
73.50.Mx High-frequency effects; plasma effects
85.35.Be Quantum well devices (quantum dots, quantum wires, etc.)
07.57.Kp Bolometers; infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave, and radiowave receivers and detectors
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