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28 Jun 1999

Volume 74, Issue 26, pp. 3921-4070

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Rapid cooling and magnetic field-induced cooperative effect for the metastable quintet state in a spin crossover complex

Z. Yu, K. Liu, J. Q. Tao, Z. J. Zhong, X. Z. You, and G. G. Siu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 4029 (1999); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123250 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

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Our study shows that metastable quintet state of spin crossover complex [Fe(dpp)2(NCS)2]⋅py (dpp=dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c] phenazine, py=pyridine) at low temperatures may be realized by a rapid cooling. The relaxation from quintet state to singlet spin at low temperatures depends on the both of time and previous history of the sample. The U-shaped dents of the magnetic effective moment depending on the temperature after initial rapid zero-field cooling indicate an obvious affection of magnetic field to the realization of singlet state in the transition range. The observations for this sample are indeed consistent with the fact that cooperative effects play a very important role in the spin transition. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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75.50.Ss Magnetic recording materials
75.30.Kz Magnetic phase boundaries (including classical and quantum magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)
75.30.Cr Saturation moments and magnetic susceptibilities

Ferroelectric fatigue of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films measured in atmospheres of varying oxygen concentration

M. Brazier, S. Mansour, and M. McElfresh

Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 4032 (1999); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123251 (2 pages) | Cited 35 times

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Ferroelectric fatigue in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films was found to be remarkably sensitive to the oxygen partial pressure of the atmosphere above the film during measurement. Films with Zr/Ti ratios of 55/45 and 75/25 were subjected to ferroelectric fatigue testing at room temperature in atmospheres of various oxygen partial pressure, or pO2. The number of switching cycles at which the onset of fatigue occurred was found to be sharply peaked with respect to the oxygen partial pressure surrounding the sample. Such a striking dependence on the oxygen concentration strongly supports current theories for fatigue that involve oxygen vacancy migration. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
77.80.Fm Switching phenomena
81.65.Mq Oxidation

Ba(1−x)SrxTiO3 thin films by off-axis cosputtering BaTiO3 and SrTiO3

E. J. Cukauskas, Steven W. Kirchoefer, William J. DeSisto, and Jeffrey M. Pond

Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 4034 (1999); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123252 (3 pages) | Cited 22 times

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Thin films of Ba(1−x)SrxTiO3 (BST) have been deposited by off-axis cosputtering targets of SrTiO3 (STO) and BaTiO3 (BTO). The films were grown on (100) MgO and LaAlO3 substrates at 550 °C at an argon/oxygen gas pressure of 20 Pa. Reaction of the sputtered species in the plasma resulted in the growth of BST films. The film composition was set by the relative power levels of the STO and BTO targets. X-ray diffractometry indicated the as-deposited films were predominantly (h00) oriented. The calculated lattice parameter was 3.955±0.01 Å, slightly larger than bulk Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3. Postannealing the films in flowing O2 at 780 °C resulted in greater peak heights and no change in orientation. Capacitance–voltage characteristics measured at 10 GHz yielded Q’s of 65 with nearly 14% tuning for BST on LAO and Q>1000 with a 2% tuning for films on MgO.
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77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
81.15.Cd Deposition by sputtering
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
85.50.-n Dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric devices

Two-step two-color recording in a photorefractive praseodymium-doped La3Ga5SiO14 crystal

T. Nikolajsen, P. M. Johansen, X. Yue, D. Kip, and E. Krätzig

Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 4037 (1999); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123253 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

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Two-step two-color recording is demonstrated in a photorefractive La3Ga5SiO14:Pr3+ crystal using cw laser radiation. The 488 nm line from an Ar-ion laser is used for gating and gratings are written using a Ti:sapphire laser operating in the range from 788 to 840 nm. The dependence of holographic recording on grating and writing intensity is investigated. A saturation of the sensitivity is found for 2 W/cm2 of grating intensity. A threshold photon energy of 1.53 eV for the second excitation step is observed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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42.70.Ln Holographic recording materials; optical storage media
42.40.Ht Hologram recording and readout methods
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